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JWST Science

JWST Science. 4-chart version follows. Redshift. Neutral IGM. z~z i. z>z i. z<z i. Wavelength. Wavelength. Wavelength. Lyman Forest Absorption. Patchy Absorption. Black Gunn-Peterson trough. End of the dark ages: first light and reionization. What are the first galaxies?

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JWST Science

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  1. JWST Science • 4-chart version follows

  2. Redshift Neutral IGM z~zi z>zi . z<zi Wavelength Wavelength Wavelength Lyman Forest Absorption Patchy Absorption Black Gunn-Peterson trough End of the dark ages: first light and reionization • What are the first galaxies? • When did reionization occur? • Once or twice? • What sources caused reionization? • Ultra-Deep NIR survey (1.4 nJy), spectroscopic & Mid-IR confirmation. • QSO spectra: Ly-α forest • Galaxy spectra: Balmer lines (2x10-19 ergs/cm2/sec)

  3. The assembly of galaxies • Where and when did the Hubble Sequence form? • How did the heavy elements form? • Can we test hierarchical formation and global scaling relations? • What about ULIRGs and AGN? Galaxies in GOODS Field • Wide-area imaging survey • R=1000 spectra of 1000s of galaxies at 1 < z < 6 • Targeted observations of ULIRGs and AGN

  4. The Eagle Nebulaas seen in the infrared Birth of stars and protoplanetary systems • How do clouds collapse? • How does environment affect star-formation? • Vice-versa? • What is the low-mass IMF? Deeply embedded protostar Circumstellar disk The Eagle Nebula as seen by HST • Imaging of molecular clouds • Survey “elephant trunks” • Survey star-forming clusters Agglomeration & planetesimals Mature planetary system

  5. Planetary systems and the origins of life • How do planets form? • How are circumstellar disks like our Solar System? • How are habitable zones established? Spitzer image Malfait et al 1998 • Extra-solar giant planets • Coronagraphy • Spectra of circumstellar disks, comets and KBOs • Spectra of icy bodies in outer Solar System Simulated JWST imageFomalhaut at 24 microns Titan

  6. JWST Science • 2-chart version follows

  7. Redshift Neutral IGM z~zi z>zi . z<zi Wavelength Wavelength Wavelength Lyman Forest Absorption Patchy Absorption Black Gunn-Peterson trough End of the dark ages: first light and reionization • What are the first galaxies? • When did reionization occur? Galaxies in GOODS Field The assembly of galaxies • Where and when did the Hubble Sequence form? • How did the heavy elements form? Simulated JWST spectra showing the epoch of reionization

  8. Birth of stars and protoplanetary systems • How do clouds collapse? • How does environment affect star formation? Spitzer image Simulated JWST image Fomalhaut dust disk at 24 microns Deeply embedded protostar Circumstellar disk Planetary systems and the origins of life • How do planets form? • How are circumstellar disks like our Solar System? Agglomeration & planetesimals Mature planetary system Shu et al theory of planetary system formation

  9. JWST Science • 1-chart version follows

  10. The Eagle Nebulaas seen in the infrared JWST Science • End of the dark ages: first light and reionization • The assembly of galaxies The Eagle Nebula as seen by HST • Birth of stars and protoplanetary systems • Planetary systems and the origins of life Galaxies in the UDF

  11. JWST Science • 13-chart detailed version follows

  12. End of the dark ages: first light and reionization … to identify the first luminous sources to form and to determine the ionization history of the early universe. Hubble Ultra Deep Field

  13. What are the first galaxies? • The first galaxies are small and faint • Their light is redshifted into infrared. • They are made of low-metallicity, massive stars. • SNe! GRBs! Zoom in to Hubble Ultra Deep Field • Observations: • Ultra-deep NIR field • Follow-up Spect, MIR • Timing for transients

  14. When and how did reionization occur? • Reionization happened at z>6 • WMAP says maybe twice? • Probably galaxies, maybe quasar contribution • Observations: • Spectra of the most distant quasars • Spectra of faint galaxies

  15. The assembly of galaxies … to determine how galaxies and the dark matter, gas, stars, metals, morphological structures, and active nuclei within them evolved from the epoch of reionization to the present day. M81 by Spitzer

  16. Where and when did the Hubble Sequence form?How did the heavy elements form? • Galaxy assembly is a process of hierarchical merging • Components of galaxies have variety of ages & compositions • Observations: • NIRCam imaging • Spectra of 1000s of galaxies

  17. What are the physical processes that determine galaxy properties?What about starbursts and black holes? • Global scaling relations between luminosity, size, kinematics and metallicity. • Tight correlation between mass of central black holes and surrounding galaxy • Observations: • MIR spectroscopy • Velocity dispersion • MIR emission lines HST + radio image of active galaxy

  18. Birth of stars and protoplanetary systems … to unravel the birth and early evolution of stars, from infall on to dust-enshrouded protostars, to the genesis of planetary systems. David Hardy

  19. Barnard 68 in infrared How do proto-stellar clouds collapse? • Stars form in small regions collapsing gravitationally within larger molecular clouds. • We can see through thick, dusty clouds in the infrared. • Protostars begin to shine within the clouds, revealing temperature and density structure. • Observations: • Deep NIR and MIR imaging of dark clouds and proto-stars Barnard 68 in visible light

  20. The Eagle Nebulaas seen in the infrared How does environment affect star-formation and vice-versa?What is the sub-stellar initial mass function? • Massive stars produce winds and radiation • Either disrupt star formation, or causes it. • The boundary between the smallest brown dwarf stars and planets is unknown • Different processes? Or continuum? • Observations: • Survey dark clouds, “elephant trunks” and star-forming regions The Eagle Nebula as seen by HST

  21. Planetary systems and the origins of life … to determine the physical and chemical properties of planetary systems including our own, and to investigate the potential for the origins of life in those systems. Robert Hurt

  22. How do planets form? • Giant planets could be signpost of process that creates Earth-like planets • Solar System primordial disk is now in small planets, moons, asteroids and comets • Observations: • Coronagraphy of exosolar planets • Compare spectra of comets and circumstellar disks

  23. How are circumstellar disks like our Solar System? Here is an illustration of what MIRI might find within the very young core in Ophiuchus, VLA 1623 artist’s concept of protostellar disk from T. Greene, Am. Scientist approximate field for NIRSpec & MIRI integral field spectroscopy

  24. How are habitable zones established? • Source of Earth’s H20 and organics is not determined • Comets? Asteroids? • History of clearing the disk of gas and small bodies • Role of giant planets? • Observations: • Comets, Kuiper Belt Objects • Icy moons in outer solarsystem Titan

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