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Mohandas Gandhi (1869-1948)

Two Forms of Resistance to Colonialism: Gandhi, Non-Violence and India and Battle of Algiers and Fanon. Mohandas Gandhi (1869-1948). Hindu 1888 – London to study law 1893 – South Africa work in Indian firm Struggle against discrimination Simple living 1915 – returned to India.

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Mohandas Gandhi (1869-1948)

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  1. Two Forms of Resistance to Colonialism:Gandhi, Non-Violence and Indiaand Battle of Algiers and Fanon

  2. Mohandas Gandhi (1869-1948) • Hindu • 1888 – London to study law • 1893 – South Africa work in Indian firm • Struggle against discrimination • Simple living • 1915 – returned to India

  3. Gandhi – Body and Soul • “Persons in power,” Gilbert Murray prophetically wrote about Gandhi in the Hibbert Journal in 1918, “should be very careful how they deal with a man who cares nothing for sensual pleasure, nothing for riches, nothing for comfort or praise, or promotion, but is simply determined to do what he believes to be right. He is a dangerous and uncomfortable enemy, because his body which you can always conquer gives you so little purchase upon his soul.” • Never be able to conquer the soul!

  4. Gandhi cont.. • Indian National Congress • Reformed into mass movement • Mahatma – “Great Soul” • Sought to eliminate caste system

  5. Mass Movements and Independence • Non-Cooperation Movement 1920-1922 • Civil Disobedience Movement / Salt March of 1930 • Independence - 1947 • Partition of India • Muslims and Hindus

  6. Gandhi on Satyagraha • Satyagraha is a relentless search for truth and a determination to search truth. • Satyagraha is an attribute of the spirit within. • Satyagraha has been designed as an effective substitute for violence. • Satyagraha is a process of educating public opinion, such that it covers all the elements of the society and makes itself irresistible.

  7. Civil Disobedience • Henry David Thoreau • Martin Luther King

  8. Fanon, Wretched of the Earth • Critique of imperialism • “Lumpenproleteriat” • How does Fanon’s approach differ form Gandhi’s? • Fanon – intellectual force for FLN

  9. Battle of Algiers • Algerian War of Independence (1954-1962) • Terrorism on both sides – use of torture • French paratroops • National Liberation Front (FLN) –guerilla warfare • French split on issue of Algeria • Battle of Algiers – 1956-1958 • French won battle, not war! • July 1962 – Algerian independence • DeGaulle sees as foregone conclusion

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