Caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses and parasites

2. Caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses and parasites • Transmitted from an infected person to a healthy person through various routes • Disruptive to normal functioning of cells 2

3. Pay attention to personal, food and environmental hygiene • Consult a doctor promptly if you are unwell 3

4. Transmission by Air • Through the airway • Examples : Tuberculosis Diphtheria Pertussis Influenza 4

5. Transmission by Food • Through contaminated food or water • Examples : • Cholera • Enteric fever • Dysentery • Gastroenteritis • Parasitic diseases • Hepatitis A 5

6. Transmission by Contact • Through direct contact with an infected • person / exposure of a wound to pathogens • Examples : Tetanus Scabies Head lice 6

7. Transmission by Blood or Bodily Fluids • Through blood or bodily fluids • • Examples: • Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) • Hepatitis B • AIDS 7

8. Transmission by Vectors • Through animal or insect bites • Examples : • Dengue fever • Malaria • Rabies 8

9. Transmission through Mother to Foetus • A foetus can acquire an infection from her mother • Examples : Rubella Congenital syphilis 9

10. Environmental Hygiene • Hygiene in public and private places is equally important • Pay attention to 5 main areas: 10

11. Ensure good ventilation • Keep windows open • Wash dust filters of air-conditioners • frequently • Check for drips from air-conditioners • Create a smoke-free environment for work, rest and play 11

12. Keep environment clean • Wipe furniture and household facilities daily • Soiled objects or facilities must be cleaned again 12

13. Keep environment clean • Keep floors / carpets clean • Vacuum-clean floors / carpets every day and wash / shampoo them regularly 13

14. Keep environment clean • Keep common facilities such as staircase, lifts, lobbies, refuse collection chambers, canopies and ventilation fans clean and have them disinfected and maintained regularly 14

15. Do not litter • Wrap up rubbish properly before putting it in a bin with a well-fitting lid • Empty the bin once a day • Dispose of refuse separately into appropriate collection bins to ease environmental degradation 15

16. Do not litter • Put litter into a rubbish bin • Be considerate. Do not litter or spit • Littering or spitting in public is an offence and the offender is liable to a fixed penalty of HK$1,500 16

17. Do not litter • Take your dog to dog parks regularly • Do not let it foul public places • Always clean up its mess and dispose of it in a dog excreta collection bin • • Wash hands after handling refuse 17

18. Maintain drains and pipes • Make sure drains and pipes are not leaking or blocked. Do not alter them without prior authorization • Clean toilets daily 18

19. Maintain drains and pipes • Pour water into drain outlets regularly to prevent foul air and insects in the sewage pipe from entering the premises 19

20. Maintain drains and pipes At home • Make sure there is liquid soap and a clean towel in the toilet for hand washing 20

21. Maintain drains and pipes For public toilets • Liquid soap and disposable towels or hand driers should be made available 21

22. Prevent pest and rodent infestation To prevent mosquito breeding • Change water for flowers and plants at least once a week • Do not leave water in trays or plates underneath the flowerpots 22

23. Prevent pest and rodent infestation To prevent mosquito breeding • Fill up uneven ground surfaces to prevent accumulation of stagnant water 23

24. Prevent pest and rodent infestation To prevent mosquito breeding • Spray insecticides into drain • outlets of sewage pipes to • prevent pest and ant breeding 24

25. Prevent pest and rodent infestation • Follow instructions on the package for proper use and storage of insecticides • Wash your hands and face after use 25

26. Prevent pest and rodent infestation • Trim shrubs and keep flowerbeds clean and tidy to prevent rodent infestation • Clear up refuse or disused articles at home or in common areas of buildings 26

27. Prevent pest and rodent infestation • Report rubbish black spots and stagnant water at construction sites by calling Food and Environmental Hygiene Department hotline: 2868 0000 27

28. Food Choices Do not eat dirty food • Do not eat at unlicensed food stalls or unclean food premises • Do not purchase pre-packaged food that does not have proper labeling, has passed its expiry date or is in a damaged package 28

29. Food Choices Do not eat dirty food • Do not buy uncovered food or food that has been stored at room temperature for some time • Do not eat food that looks, smells or tastes abnormal or is suspected to be contaminated 29

30. Food Handling • To prevent germs in saliva from contaminating food • Wash hands thoroughly with liquid soap before eating and handling food • Use serving chopsticks and spoons at meal times • Do not share lunch boxes and drinks 30

31. Food Handling • Store cooked food in the upper compartment of the refrigerator and raw food in the lower compartment • • Cook meat thoroughly before eating 31

32. Food Handling • Prepare raw food and pre- cooked food separately, preferably using separate knives and chopping boards 32

33. Food Storage • Keep the kitchen clean • Wash the exhaust fan and range hood regularly • Store eating utensils in a clean cupboard 33

34. Food Storage • Make sure the refrigerator is clean and works well • Clean the refrigerator once a week • Store food in covered containers or the refrigerator 34

35. Food Storage • Leftovers should best be discarded. Otherwise, they should be • stored properly in refrigerators (4˚C or below); and • thoroughly reheated to 75˚C or above before being served again 35

36. Food Storage • Frozen food should be stored at a temperature of -18°C or below • Follow the storage instructions on the food label and note the expiry date 36

37. Food Storage Be considerate • Do not leave food scraps and litter in public places 37

38. Keep germs at bay When you return home, • Wash hands and face immediately • Wash clothes or air them in a well-ventilated place for at least one day to clear away dirt and germs 38

39. Keep germs at bay • Clean shoes and put them in a well-ventilated place. Wash hands immediately afterwards • Wash your hair and have a shower / bath every day • Keep fingernails and toenails clean 39

40. Your health is in your hands Wash hands… • • before touching the eyes, nose and mouth • • before eating or handling food • after sneezing or coughing 40

41. Your health is in your hands Wash hands… • after going to the toilet • after touching public installations or equipment • with liquid soap, then dry hands with a clean towel, tissue paper or a hand drier 41

42. Your health is in your hands • Do not use communal towels • Rub hands with a 65-95% alcohol solution to disinfect hands when hand washing facilities are not available 42

43. Your health is in your hands • Always carry a handkerchief or some tissue paper. Cover your nose and mouth with it when sneezing or coughing 43

44. Your health is in your hands Be considerate… • Do not make the floor wet when washing your hands or discard used tissue paper outside the bin • Keep the toilet rim clean. • Flush the toilet after use 44

45. Take precautionary measures To prevent sexually transmitted diseases • Avoid promiscuity; and • Use condoms properly whenever you have sexual intercourse 45

46. Take precautionary measures To prevent diseases spread by blood or bodily fluid • Do not share towels or personal items such as toothbrushes, nail clippers • or shaving products 46

47. Take precautionary measures To prevent blood-borne diseases • Make sure the tools and equipment have been thoroughly sterilized before receiving ear piercing, tattooing or acupuncture • Do not share syringes or needles 47

48. Seek medical help if you are unwell To protect yourself and prevent others from contracting diseases • Consult a doctor promptly if you feel unwell. • Wear a mask if you have symptoms • of a respiratory tract infection 48

49. Seek medical help if you are unwell To prevent others from contracting diseases • If you have a fever, do not go to school or work 49

50. Seek medical help if you are unwell To protect yourself and prevent others from contracting diseases • Do not take antibiotics • without medical advice 50