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Presented at the March 13, 2003 Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee meeting By Stephen Howell, M.D. Skyepharma, Inc. DepoCyte ® (cytarabine liposome injection): NDA 21-041. Sustained release formulation of cytarabine (ara-C) developed in 1987
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Presented at the March 13, 2003 Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee meeting By Stephen Howell, M.D. Skyepharma, Inc.
DepoCyte® (cytarabine liposome injection): NDA 21-041 • Sustained release formulation of cytarabine (ara-C) developed in 1987 • Ara-C is encapsulated in the chambers of 20 mm particles made up of phospholipids and cholesterol • After intrathecal injection the particles spread throughout the neuraxis and slowly release ara-C over 2 – 3 weeks • Indication: lymphomatous meningitis • Accelerated approval date: April 1, 1999 • Total drug development time: 11 years
DepoCyt ara-C 17 7 41% No. randomized and receiving drug No. responders Response rate 16 1 6% p=0.04 Basis of approval: High response rate in patients with lymphomatous meningitis
Clinical trials in NDA Solid Tumor Neoplastic Meningitis 61 Patients Phase IV 89 Patients Phase I 19 Patients Lymphomatous Meningitis 33 Patients Leukemia Meningitis 5 Patients Confirmatory PK Study 11 Patients European PK Study 13 Patients
Interim analysis4Q2001 Enrollment complete 9/02 Start 9/99 Report complete 2/04 Approval 4/99 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Post-marketing commitment • A controlled, randomized trial to determine the patient benefit and safety of DepoCyt for the treatment of solid tumor neoplastic and lymphomatous meningitis • Trial to include a pharmacokinetic substudy • Trial to be initiated within 6 months • Total elapsed time: 4.5 years 4.5 yrs
SKY0101-010 controlled trial – Objective • Purpose: • Confirm the “clinical benefit” of DepoCyt treatment for patients with lymphomatous and solid tumor neoplastic meningitis • Provide additional evidence to support approval for solid tumor neoplastic meningitis • Design: prospective, randomized controlled • Primary endpoint: time to neurological progression • Secondary endpoints: • Survival • Improvement in neurological symptoms • Quality of life • Cytologic response rate • Safety • Interim assessment dropped
SKY0101-010 controlled trial – Eligibility criteria • Biopsy proven lymphoma or malignant solid tumor • Neoplastic meningitis diagnosed on basis of: • A positive CSF cytology within 21 days prior to randomization, OR • Characteristic signs and symptoms and an MRI or CT scan showing meningeal tumor • Age 18 years
Treatment Follow up Visits Solid tumor or lymphoma Induction 6 cycles Maintenance 4 cycles RANDOMIZATION Positive CSFcytology or CNS imaging Every 4 wks X 16 Weeks Every other month x 12 months Every 2 wks X 12 Weeks Every Month X 6 Months IT DepoCyt (50 mg) 0 3 7 12 24 Month IT standard therapy Every other month x 12 months Twice a wk X 12 wks Every Month X 6 Months Once a wk X 16 wks Stratifcation: lymphoma vs solid tumor, USA vs EC Patients on both arms are to receive dexamethasone 4 mg BID Days 1 – 5, 2 mg BID day 6, 1 mg BID day 7 of each cycle. SKY0101-010 controlled trial – Schematic
Treatment Follow up Visits Induction 6 cycles Maintenance 4 cycles RANDOMIZATION Every 4 wks X 16 Weeks Every other month x 12 months Every 2 wks X 12 Weeks Every Month X 6 Months IT DepoCyt (50 mg) Positive CSFcytology or CNS imaging 0 3 7 12 24 Month IT MTX (10 mg) Every other month x 12 months Twice a wk X 12 wks Every Month X 6 Months Once a wk X 16 wks Leucovorin 10 mg po q6h x 8 doses starting 24 hr after each dose of MTX Patients on both arms are to receive dexamethasone 4 mg BID Days 1 – 5, 2 mg BID day 6, 1 mg BID day 7 of each cycle. SKY0101-010 controlled trial – Schematic for patients with solid tumor neoplastic meningitis
Treatment Follow up Visits Induction 6 cycles Maintenance 4 cycles RANDOMIZATION Every 4 wks X 16 Weeks Every other month x 12 months Every 2 wks X 12 Weeks Every Month X 6 Months IT DepoCyt (50 mg) Positive CSFcytology or CNS imaging 0 3 7 12 24 Month IT ara-C (50 mg) Every other month x 12 months Twice a wk X 12 wks Every Month X 6 Months Once a wk X 16 wks Patients on both arms are to receive dexamethasone 4 mg BID Days 1 – 5, 2 mg BID day 6, 1 mg BID day 7 of each cycle SKY0101-010 controlled trial – Schematic for patients with lymphomatous meningitis
SKY0101-010 controlled trial – Evaluation • Neurological evaluation prior to treatment and at the beginning of each treatment cycle plus at each follow up visit • Detailed documentation of the basis for concluding that neurological progression has occurred • CSF cytology and chemistries at start of and end of each cycle • Adverse events occurring from 21 days prior to start of treatment through 28 days after last dose
Primary statistical analyses planned All patients randomized to DepoCyt (solid tumor & lymphoma) Analysis #1 All patients randomized to compator drug (either MTX or ara-C) (solid tumor & lymphoma) Solid tumor patients randomized to DepoCyt Analysis #2 Solid tumor patients randomized to MTX • Powered to detect a 50% reduction in the hazard function for time to neurologic progression in patients with solid tumor neoplastic meningitis. Estimated number of events necessary = 75 • = 0.8, = 0.038 (adjusted for multiple comparisons)
Post-marketing trial execution • Trial set up began immediately after approval • Investigator selection, IRB approvals, and contracts completed and trial opened 10/99 • All DepoCyt recalled from market 10/99: • No product available for clinical trials for 17 mo • FDA approved re-introduction 3/01 • Trial re-initiation began immediately in 3/01 • Investigator selection/site qualification • IRB approval • Contract negotiation • First patient entered 7/3/01
Interim analysis4Q2001 Enrollment complete 9/02 Report complete 2/04 Start 9/99 Approval 4/99 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Original and revised timelines are the same 4.5 yr Drug availabale 3/01 Enrollment complete 8/04 Report complete 8/05 Start 7/01 17 mo 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 4.1 yr
Product recall • Oct 1999: some lots of DepoCyt found to release excess cytarabine on stability testing • Raw material supplier made unannounced change in manufacturing process of one lipid that eliminated small amount of EDTA • EDTA replaced, product again available March 2001 • New assays to assure quality of raw materials established
SKY0101-010 – Current patient accrual • Total study sites: 37 • USA - 16 • EU - 19 • Canada - 2 • Total patients entered: 57 • Solid tumor - 43 • Lymphoma - 14 • Accrual rate to date 2.4 patients/mo • Accrual rate last 6 months 4.7 patients/mo • Accrual rate of prior pivotal trial 2.9 patients/mo
SKY0101-010 – Current patient accrual • Total patients entered: 57 • USA/Canada - 38 • Solid tumor - 26 • Lymphoma –12 • Europe - 19 • Solid tumor - 17 • Lymphoma - 2
Challenges to study completion • Very limited number of cases/yr • Only a small fraction available for trial participation • Trial participation vs off-study treatment • Randomization reluctance: • Patient concern about possibility of having to receive 4 intrathecal injections (standard therapy) vs just 1 injection every 2 weeks (DepoCyt) • Competition for patients • Other drugs under development for this indication