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PREVENTIVE, CURATIVE & REHABILITATION SERVICES FOR MENTALLY RETARDED PERSONS IN PAKISTAN By NAEEMA BUSHRA MALIK DIRECTOR NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SPECIAL EDUCATION 28 th November, 2012. MENTAL RETARDATION Definition
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PREVENTIVE, CURATIVE & REHABILITATION SERVICES FOR MENTALLY RETARDED PERSONS IN PAKISTAN By NAEEMA BUSHRA MALIK DIRECTOR NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SPECIAL EDUCATION 28th November, 2012
MENTAL RETARDATION Definition Mental Retardation refers to substantial limitation in present functioning. It is characterized by significantly sub average intellectual function (IQ of 70-75) or below existing currently with related limitation in two or more of the following applicable adaptive skill areas communication, self care, home living, social skills community use, self direction, health and safety, functional academics, leisure and work. Mental Retardation manifest before age 18 (AAMR, 1992).
CLASSIFICATIONS OF MENTAL RETARDATION Professionals classify the children with mental retardation into three groups: - Mild - Moderate - Severe/Profound Educators have assigned prognostic meaning to these labels by referring to persons with mild mental retardation as “educable” and persons with moderate mental retardation as trainable,.Individual with severe/profound mental retardation will require care and supervision all of their lives. Their major problems concerned the maintenance of critical life functions and the development of self care kills whenever possible
CAUSES OF MENTAL RETARDATION Causes for mental retardation can be categorized into three stages. They are: 1. Prenatal Causes 2. Perinatal Causes 3. Postnatal Causes