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Problem Solving

Problem Solving. Outline :. Objective Definition Problem solving process Problem solving techniques

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Problem Solving

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  1. Problem Solving

  2. Outline : Objective Definition Problem solving process Problem solving techniques Problem solving teaching Research result Conclusion References

  3. OBJECTIVES: At the end of this seminar you will be able to : Define the problem solving concept. Explain the six-step problem solving process. recall 2 of problem solving techniques .

  4. Problem solving Is a mental process and is part of larger problem process that includes problem finding and problem shaping .considered the most complex of all intellectual functions ,problem solving has been defined as higher-order cognitive process that requires the modulation and control of more routine or fundamental skills. Problem solving occurs when an organism or an artificial intelligence system need to move from a given state to a desired goal state.

  5. Simply : Problem solving : the process of working through details of a problem to reach a solution .

  6. Problem solving process 1.Identify the problem 2.Analyze the problem 3.Generate the solution and alternatives 4.Select the appropriate solution 5.Implement the solution 6.Evaluate the solution

  7. Identify the problem It check-step to ensure that you do not solve the part of the problem . Use star method (Stop-Think-Act-Review) Put problem statement and goal statement

  8. Analyze the problem Analyzing means to gather information. If there is not enough information, figure out how to research and collect it. Once the information is gathered, take a very close look at what is going on. Try to come to consensus on why the particular problem or issue occurs.

  9. Generate the solution and alternatives Now that the problem has been analyzed the group can begin to develop possible solutions. This is a creative as well as practical step where every possible solution or variation is identified. In this step use the brainstorming process There are no wrong answers here . allow time for each person to clarify their suggestion.

  10. Select the appropriate solution Now that there are a wide variety of possible solutions, it is time to select the best solution to fix the problem given the circumstances, resources, and other considerations. There are always a number of things that can effect a solution: money, time, people, procedures, policies, rules, and so on. All of these factors must be thought about and talked through.

  11. Implement the solution= do the change This is the DO stage Make sure the solution can be tracked to have information to use in the STUDY stage. requires a scientific approach to observing specifically what is going on with the solution.

  12. Evaluate the solution * This final step is the STUDY stage. * Did the solution work? If not—why not? * What went right, and what went wrong? *What adjustments does the group have to make , to make the solution work better? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t3VpiHG3vAw

  13. Problem solving techniques problem solving techniques allows individuals to use a checklist approach to problem solving. It also could facilitate training others in problem solving.

  14. 1. Brainstorming : (especially among groups of People) suggesting a large number of solutions or ideas and combining and developing them until an optimum is found . 2. Dividedandconquer : breaking down a large, complex problem into smaller, solvable problems 3. Abstraction

  15. 4. Hypothesis testing : assuming a possible explanation to the problem and trying to prove (or, in some contexts, disprove) the assumption . 5. Lateral thinking : approaching solutions indirectly and creatively . 6. Means _ end analysis : choosing an action at each step to move closer to the goal .

  16. 7. Reduction: transforming the problem into another problem for which solutions exist . 8. Research : employing existing ideas or adapting existing solutions to similar problems. 9. Root cause analysis : eliminating the cause of the problem .

  17. 10. Trial_and_error : testing possible solutions until the right one is found . 11. Proof : try to prove that the problem cannot be Solved . The point where the proof fails will be the starting point for solving it .

  18. TO TEACH YOUR STUDENTS HOW TO SOLVE PROBLEMS 1..Give your students problems that they CAN solve This is basic!  The joy of problem solving is SOLVING problems.  The misery of problem solving is FAILING to solve problems.  Students who experience the JOY of solving problems WANT to solve MORE problems.   Students who experience only the misery of failure DO NOT even want to TRY to solve any more problems.  To be good problem solvers, students must BELIEVE that they can solve problems.  Therefore you must give them problems they CANSOLVE.

  19. 2..  Give your students problems that SEEM difficult. This also is basic!  If ALL the problems that your students solve are EASY problems, they will not believe they can solve difficult problems.  Therefore you must TEACH them to solve problems that SEEM difficult but CAN BE SOLVED--if they try!  Problems only SEEM difficult before they’ve been solved.  After they’ve been solved, problems seem easy.

  20. .3.Teach your students HOW to solve problems that SEEM difficult. Problems seem difficult when the solution is not obvious.  Usually, difficult problems are solved by a series of logical STEPS that CANNOT BE SEEN—at first!  If all the steps of the solution can be seen immediately, the problem is not difficult.  But good problem solvers START by TRYING to solve the problem.  They take the FIRST STEP, and look for the second step.  If they do not see the second step, they take a DIFFERENT first step.  In other words good problem solvers start by TRYING to solve problems that seem difficult, not by wondering how to solve them. 

  21. 4..  Teach your students problem-solving STRATEGIES. The choice of a problem solving STRATEGY suggests the first step and helps the problem solver to see the next step.  Good problem solvers do not give up; they try a different strategy, a different first step, and then they look for the second step.

  22. 5..At first, tell them which strategy to use, but later, expect them to CHOOSE AND TRY to find an effective strategy for themselves. Introduce your students to each of the problem-solving strategies . At first, tell your students which strategy to use. In this way, the problems are made a little easier, and they will get some practice using each strategy in turn. Eventually, you will not tell them which strategy to use, and for this purpose you may select from the “Mixed Problems.”

  23. Research Result Problem solving activities improve student study Behavior. Positive relationship between problem solving Skills and the outcome in major depressive Disorder . Relationship between good problem solving Skills and psychological health and self Control and self confidence . Problem solving skills associated with success and highly productive persons.

  24. Conclusion A problem is a chance for you to do your best.

  25. Article :

  26. references http://pred.boun.edu.tr/ps/ http://www.cls.utk.edu/pdf/ls/Week3_Lesson21.pdf http://www.une.edu.au/bcss/psychology/john-malouff/problem-solving.php http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_ solving

  27. Done by: ياسمين الراعوش تغريد أبو ارميس سجى النمروطي

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