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Dramatic Conventions and Irony in Literature

Explore the use of stage directions, soliloquies, and various forms of irony in dramatic works, engaging audiences and creating depth in storytelling. Learn about foil characters, tragedies, and the power of catharsis in literary expression.

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Dramatic Conventions and Irony in Literature

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  1. English 11 Literary Terms Archetypes=Type

  2. Hero/Heroine • The chief character in a work of literature.

  3. Trickster

  4. Faithful Companion

  5. Outsider/Outcast

  6. Rugged Individualist

  7. Innocent

  8. Villain

  9. Caretaker

  10. Earth Mother

  11. Rebel

  12. Misfit

  13. English 11 Literary Terms Dramatic Conventions

  14. Stage Directions • Written notes within plays which explain movements, gestures, and appearance of actors or actresses in a play

  15. Soliloquy • A character speaks directly to the audience (thinking aloud about motives, feelings, and decisions)

  16. Monologue • A single person speaking, with or without an audience

  17. Aside • A character speaks in such a way that some of the characters on stage do not hear what is said (while others do)

  18. Verbal Irony • When someone states one thing and means another

  19. Situational Irony • Contrast between what is expected to happen and what actually does happen Ex. Someone who is loved commits suicide

  20. Dramatic Irony • When readers know more about the situation than the characters do

  21. Catharsis • Explains the effects of tragic drama on an audience

  22. English 11 Literary Terms Cont.

  23. Caricature • A grotesque or foolish image of a character, achieved through the exaggeration of personality traits

  24. Foil • A minor character introduced in order to represent the abilities of a more significant character (Ex.Millhouse serves as a foil to Bart Simpson.)

  25. Tragedy • Traces the career and downfall of an individual

  26. Voice • Clarifies the persona of the narrative

  27. Figurative & Literal Language • Figurative Language-an exaggeration • Literal Language-literally true

  28. Imagery • All of the words which refer to the objects or qualities which appeal to the senses and feelings

  29. Apostrophe • A rhetorical (not requiring a response) term for a speech addresses to someone or something in the beginning of a poem or essay Clue: When your parents ask, “Who do you think you are?” You are not supposed to respond.

  30. Metonymy • The substitution of the name of a thing by the name of an attribute of it, (Ex.the “crown” =monarchy)

  31. Synecdoche • A part is used to describe the whole. • Ex: all hands on deck=sailors • All aboard=boarding a train

  32. Language English 11 Literary Terms Devices

  33. Rhetorical Question Not requiring a response

  34. Tone The manner or mood of a passage

  35. Diction • Choice of words in a piece of work; the kind of vocabulary that is used i.e. Shakespearean language in a Shakespeare play Slang is used in an Eminem movie

  36. Dialect • The style and manner of speaking from one particular area (Ex.New Yorkers are from “New Yark”)

  37. Sarcasm • An ironical statement intended to hurt or insult (ex. “Brilliant,” stated to a student who is clearly wrong.)

  38. Elevated Language/Style

  39. Satire • Literature which represents something in a comical sense, making it appear ridiculous

  40. Parallelism • The building up of sentence or statement using repeated syntactic units (repeated words and sounds)

  41. Colloquialism/Vernacular • The use of the kinds of expression and grammar associated with ordinary, everyday speech rather than formal language Ex. Cool, Phat!

  42. Connotation/Denotation • Connotation-emotional response evoked by a word Ex. Kitten=soft, warm, cuddly • Denotation-literal meaning Ex. Kitten=young cat

  43. Pun • The use of a word in a way that plays on its different meanings. Ex. “The hungry gorilla went ape.”

  44. Irony • Contrast between appearance and actuality

  45. Stream of Consciousness • Present the flow of a character’s seemingly unconnected thoughts, responses, and sensations.

  46. English 11 Literary Terms Literary Forms

  47. Gothic Grotesque characters, bizarre situations, and violent events

  48. Historical Fiction • Fiction that is loosely based on some historical period

  49. Proverb • Short popular saying embodying a general truth Ex. “Look before you leap”

  50. Aphorism • A generally accepted principle or truth expressed in a short, witty manner Ex. “A rolling stone gathers no moss.”

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