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MCB 7200: Molecular Biology

Dive into the world of molecular biology and biotechnology, exploring key terminology, milestones, and model organisms. Discover the intricacies of transcription, translation, gene organization, and expression in prokaryotes. Learn about molecular biology, recombinant DNA technology, genetic engineering, and biotechnology. Explore the diverse field of molecular biotechnology and its commercial applications. Gain insights into model systems for molecular and cellular biology, including viruses, bacteria, yeast, worms, fish, plants, and animals. Unravel the central dogma of biology, DNA replication, chemical structures of DNA and RNA, and prokaryotic gene structure and expression. Delve into protein secretion, targeting, and sorting mechanisms in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

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MCB 7200: Molecular Biology

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  1. MCB 7200: Molecular Biology Welcome! Complete the student information form. Tell the class about you. All the course information is on the course web site; I do not use Blackboard. Let’s go over the syllabus. Get the 8th Edition of Molecular Cell Biology. Any questions?

  2. MCB 7200: Molecular Biology Molecular Biology/Biotechnology terminology Milestones in molecular biotechnology Model organisms for molecular/cellular biology Transcription and translation Prokaryotic gene organization & expression

  3. Terminology • Molecular biology-The study of biology on a molecular level including the structure, function, and makeup of biologically important molecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins • Recombinant DNA technology-a set of techniques for manipulating DNA, including: the identification and cloning of genes; the study of the expression of cloned genes; and the production of large quantities of gene product • Genetic engineering-the process of transferring DNA from one organism into another that results in a genetic modification • Biotechnology-production of goods and services using biological organisms, systems, and processes • Molecular biotechnology-rDNA technology + biotechnology

  4. Table 1.1

  5. Table 1.1 (Continued)

  6. Many scientific disciplines contribute to molecular biotechnology, which generates a wide range of commercial products. Figure 1.1

  7. Model Systems for Molecular/Cellular Biologyhttps://www.dnalc.org/resources/animations/model_organisms.html • Viruses • Bacteria (E. coli) • Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) • Round worms (Caenorhabditis elegans) • Planarian (Schmidtea mediterranea) • Alga (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) • Fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) • Zebrafish (Danio rerio) • Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) • Mouse (Mus musculus)

  8. Figure 1.13 Each experimental organism used in cell biology has advantages for certain types of studies.

  9. Central Dogma of Biology transcription translation $$$ DNA RNA Protein reverse transcription Molecular Biotechnology DNA replication

  10. Chemical structure of DNA and RNA

  11. Chemical structure of dsDNA

  12. Chemical structure of dsDNA

  13. Prokaryotic Gene Structure and Expression

  14. In prokaryotes, RNA polymerase binds to the -10 and -35 regions of the promoter relative to the start site of transcription (+1) promoter operator

  15. Review protein secretion and protein targeting • Signal peptide sequences • Consider gram negative vs. gram positive bacteria • Consider eukaryotic cells • In eukaryotic cells, short peptide sequences (or other modifications) tell a protein where to go • See MCB Chapter 13 & 14-Protein sorting animations

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