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Multicast Networking

Multicast Networking. achih@cs.nthu.edu.tw. References. Multicast Networking and Applications Miller, C. Kenneth Addison-Wesley, 1999 Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach Featuring the Internet James F. Kurose, Keith W. Ross http://gaia.cs.umass.edu/kurose/Contents.htm RFC.

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Multicast Networking

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  1. Multicast Networking achih@cs.nthu.edu.tw

  2. References • Multicast Networking and Applications • Miller, C. Kenneth • Addison-Wesley, 1999 • Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach Featuring the Internet • James F. Kurose, Keith W. Ross • http://gaia.cs.umass.edu/kurose/Contents.htm • RFC

  3. Introduction • Unicast protocols • Multicast protocols • From one or more senders to a group of receivers • bulk data, streaming continuous media, shared data applications, data feeds, interactive gaming

  4. Multicast applications

  5. Multicast group • address indirection • class D 224. 0. 0. 0 ~ 239.255.255.255

  6. IPv6 • 128 bits • flgs: three higher-order bits are set to zero • scop: 0~F

  7. Multicast address allocation

  8. Network layer multicast protocol • IGMP • Multicast routing protocol • Transport layer multicast protocol • Reliable multicast protocol

  9. IGMP • Joining particular multicast group is receiver-initiated using the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) • A dialog that occurs between routers supporting multicast routing and hosts on a subnet attached to that router

  10. IGMP v1 • RFC 1112 • Nearest router • Query messages • Periodically from router to hosts • Time To Live of 1 • Membership reports from hosts • Random back-off to avoid report messages implosion

  11. IGMP v2 • RFC 2236 • Membership query • General group • Specific group • Membership report • Leave group

  12. IGMP v3 • Internet draft • Select only specific sources of multicast traffic to receive • Inclusion group-source report messages • Exclusion group-source report messages • Leave group messages • Specify the IP addresses of any source-group pairs it wishes to leave

  13. Multicast Routing Protocols • Group-shared tree • Steiner tree problem • Source-based tree • Distance vector • Link state • Shared tree

  14. DVMRP • RFC 1075 • Distance vector algorithm • Reverse path forwarding(RPF) • Pruning • grafting

  15. MOSPF • RFC 1584 • Link-state advertisements • Complete topology information • Edge routers with attached hosts belonging to various multicast groups

  16. Protocol Independent Multicast-Dense Mode • Internet draft • Flood-and-prune • Similar to DVMRP • Protocol independent

  17. Core-Based Trees • RFC 2201,2189 • Single core • Join • JOIN_REQUEST • JOIN_ACK • Maintain • ECHO_REQUEST • ECHO_REPLY

  18. Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode • RFC 2117 • Rendezvous point • Encapsulate data and unicast to the RP • Switch from a group-shared tree to a source-specific tree

  19. Interdomain Multicast Routing • Interior gateway protocol (IGP) • Exterior gateway protocol (EGP) • Border Gateway Multicast Protocol (BGMP) • Internet draft • Group-shared tree approach • Set up roots by MASC

  20. Wide Area Networks • Asynchronous transfer mode • Meshes of point-to-multipoint PVCs • ATM-level multicast servers (MCS)

  21. One-way satellite

  22. Reliable Multicast Technology • TCP : point-to-point (unicast) • UDP : multicast

  23. Research Activities and Topics in Reliable Multicast • Request implosion • Duplicate replies • Recovery latency • Recovery isolation (exposure) • Adaptability to dynamic membership change

  24. Reliable Multicast Protocols • Create a generalized reliable multicast transport layer that can handle all reliable multicast applications • timeliness, packet ordering, error correction, high scalability • Focus the reliable multicast protocol on solving the needs of particular applications

  25. Generalized Reliable Multicast Protocols • Scalable Reliable Multicast (SRM) • Repair by any receiver that has the data to achieve scalability by reducing administrative back-traffic to the source • Suppression of duplicate requests via a random time period • A random back-off timer is used before a repair is sent

  26. No scope limit (exposure)

  27. Reliable Multicast Transport Protocol (RMTP) • Designated Receivers (DRs) • Collect status messages from nodes in a local RMTP domain • Provide repairs • RMTP+ • Transmit window • Bit mask (selective repeat retransmission)

  28. RMTP

  29. Specialized Reliable Multicast Protocols • Reliable Adaptive Multicast Protocol (RAMP) • Group sizes less than 100, timeliness • RFC 1458 • Break up the data sent into bursts • Burst mode • Idle mode

  30. Multicast File Transfer Protocol (MFTP) • Internet draft • NAK-based • Block as large as possible

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