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8.1 & 8.2: Modern Cities and Public Ed. Modern Cities. By 1900, 40% of the pop. lived in cities Skyscrapers were made possible by two inventions: steel frames and the _____________ Electric trolleys allowed people to commute from suburbs. Modern Cities.
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Modern Cities • By 1900, 40% of the pop. lived in cities • Skyscrapers were made possible by two inventions: steel frames and the _____________ • Electric trolleys allowed people to commute from suburbs
Modern Cities • City planners like Frederick Law Olmsted argued that cities needed more parks & open spaces • He planned NYC’s “Central Park” and his sons later planned the Cleveland Metroparks!
New Technology • Newspapers and magazines became more popular & cheaper thanks to new printing presses • George Eastman’s 1888 “Kodak” camera made photography easy for anyone • 1903: Wright Bro’s 13 second flight.
Public Ed • Until the 1890s, most children only went to school for a few years • By 1900, many students stayed until high school • Science, civics, and history added to the curriculum • Industrial classes for boys; shop, metals, mechanics • Office/secretarial classes for girls • Christianity was often taught in public schools
Public Ed • Public schools were seen as the best way “Americanize” immigrant children • But most black students, esp. in the South, were kept out of even a basic education until the 1940s • Industrial leaders, like Carnegie & Henry Ford, wanted their workers to take English classes and learn the “American way”
Public Ed • States began setting up state colleges & universities • Prepared people for jobs the changing economy needed (engineers, business managers, architects, etc.)
