Doing The Right Thing for the Environment Just Got Easier With a Little Help from Information Systems

1. Doing The Right Thing for the Environment Just GotEasierWith a Little Help from Information Systems By: Joseph Cazier And Brandy Hopkins Appalachian State University Boone, NC

2. The Green Movement • The consensus is that many people and businessesvalue being “Green” and want to save the planet. In addition to enjoying the way this makes them feel, it also offers other incentives: • Saves energy and money (American Psychological Association, 2009) • Allows consumers to pursue “Competitive Altruism” or for status purposes (Griskevicius, 2010, Bandyk, 2009). • However, consumers often do not know how to be “green” (Begley, 2010). • Businesses sometimes need help seeing the benefit. • Going green is often a daunting task, even for those who desire to change their habits. Most people simply need help with the follow through.

3. The Role of Information Systems • Information systems can help to provide the information and tools necessary for this follow-through using: • Efficiency Systems • Forecasting • Reporting and Awareness • Energy Efficient Home Computing • Behavior Modification

4. Efficiency Systems • Business and the environment are alwayslinked and business always has an impact on the environment. • Similarily, business isoftendependent on a healthyenvironment to performits business. • By improving the environmental performance of a business, itisenabled to improvebothitsefficiency and that of the economy as well. • By usingresources more efficiently, the business cansave money whilepromoting the sustainability of its actions for the environmentcreating goodwill amongitscustomers (N.R.D.C., 2010). • For thesereasons, Information Systems enabledEfficiency Systems are usually an easysell for businesses.

5. Examples of Efficiency Systems • Thosethatspecificallyaim to saveenergy: • Eco2dc Initiative to design data centerswith IT equipmentwithlowerenvironmental impact throughgreaterefficiency of energy use (Hitachi, 2010). • Green computing options offered by companiessuch as IBM and HP. Also, Google has invested in windfarms and solar panels to offset the carbonemissionsfromits data centers (Google, 2010).

6. Examples of Efficiency Systems Thosethatincreaseefficiencythroughothermeans: • Package Flow Technologies used by UPS to optimizedelivery routes and use of fuel. In the air, UPS uses ContinuousDecentApproachwhen landing to minimize fuel and emissions and Lido to account for weather, winds, terrain and otherfactors (UPS, 2010). • Lumberindustry uses software-operatedautomatedsaws to reducewaste and increaseyield rates whenharvestingtrees (Zuo, 2003). • Agricultural industry uses GIS for mapping and input and machine control to minimizefertilizers and pesticide usage, cuttingcostswhilereducingpollutantsreleasedinto the environment (Lorimer, n.d.). • Furniture maker Herman Miller has constructed a database to rank the environmentalattributes of all of itsproduct components to eliminatehighlypolluting inputs (CIO, 2007).

7. Examples of Efficiency Systems • Environmental Management Systems are systemsused by businesses to manage, review, and improve the organization’sapproach to business and the environment (FedCenter, 2010). • Manygovernmentagencies as well as businesses use thesesystems to reducetheirenvironmental impact whileincreasingefficiency (Business.gov, 2010). • GE uses a $10 million system thatevaluatesitsenvironmental performance, resource use, safety, and compliance. Since the installation of this system, GE’sregulation violations have fallen by more than 80% and the company has savedtens of millions of dollars throughefficiencyimprovementsderivedfrom the program (CIO, 2010). • Efficiencysystemsrepresent the mosteasiest and adoptedways to date that information systemscan help to save the planet.

8. Forecasting • Throughforecasting, information systemscanincreaseawareness of resource issues among businesses, governments, and citizens. • Forecasting for energy, oil, climate, and forestry have been used to inform and better the use and allocation of existingresources. • In addition, businesses often use forecastingwithin the organization to plan for future resourceneeds and economicfactors.

9. Reporting and Awareness Similar to forecasting and efficiencysystems, information systems has the potential to informconsumers and thereforemakeiteasier for them to do the right thing as well. • Microsoft and GE have investedheavily in Smart Gridtechnology. This is a smarter power gridthat combines smart meters and home energy-managementsystems to betterinformconsumers and enablethem to alter theirenergy usage easily. • Energy Monitoring Systems allowconsumers to performenergy audits of their homes or businesses to monitor energywaste and air qualityamongmanyotherfactors (Onset, 2010). • Google PowerMeterrecentlylaunched a program similar to Microsoft Hohmthatallowsconsumers to viewtheirenergyconsumptionfromanywhereusing smart meters and energy monitoring devices (Google PowerMeter, 2010).

10. Reporting and Awareness • Microsoft isworking on the development of cheap, compact sensors to link the appliances in a house to enable a smarter home thatis able to increaseefficiencies. Perhapsthiswouldenable an idletelevision to turn off or a furnace to check the weatherprior to heating the house (Microsoft, 2010). • A SmartPhoneappisbeingdevelopedthatenablesusers to use their phones as sensorydevicesthatcanuploadtraffic information to a central databasethatcanthenbedisseminated for the real-timebenefit of manyotherusersminimizing fuel output and therefore, emissions (Anthony, 2008).

11. Reporting and Awareness • ManySmartPhone and iPhoneappsenableusers to make green decisions as well (Sherpa, 2010): • ZipCar and Carticipateaidwithcarpooling efforts. • Green GasSaverinforms the user whenthey are drivingunsustainably by accelerating or turningtoofast. Greenmeter tracks your car's carbon footprint and fuel efficiency. • Traffic aids users in revising routes to avoid traffic while PrimoSpot informs users of available parking spots, both reducing fuel use and emissions. • Ped-Nav uses the inputted plans of the user to create an itinerary complete with public transit routes and times to make traveling by foot a breeze.

12. Reporting and Awareness • AppFindGreenhelpsusersfindnearby green businesses. • The Good Guide is an app that reports detailed ratings for the environmental and social responsibility of more than 65,000 products and companies simply by scanning the barcode of a product. • Information systems can be further developed to increase the awareness of consumers.

13. Energy Efficient Home Computing • Home computingaccounts for a measurableshare of individualenergyconsumption and information systems has a duty to decreasethisconsumption. • Windows 7 aims to do justthatwith new options, diagnostic tools, and factory settings to maximizeenergyefficiency (Microsoft Windows 7, 2010). • More companiesshouldaim to belike Apple, whoONLYproducesEnergy Star rated computers thereforeloweringemissions (Apple, 2010).

14. Behavior Modification • Information systemscan help people do the right thing by helpingthemmodifytheirbehavior. • There are currentlyappsthat encourage users to diet or exercise, why not developsystemsthatprovidereminders or encouragement whenwe do something good for the planet.

15. Behavior Modification • Current app Get Green provides daily tips about how to make a difference. • Website Celsias.com enables users to find, discuss, pledge, and then report on green activities. • Also, the Green Wars App adds a competitive element in a game-like atmosphere where users compete to buy and sell green products. • Perhaps, this element of competition could be further developed to build on the notion of “competitive altruism” to more effectively modify behavior.

16. Behavior Modification • Based on the notion of competitivealtruism, consumers are more likely to make green decisionswhenthey are visible to others and cantherefore affect theirstatus (Griskevicius, 2010). • By tieing in peer pressure and enabling people to competewiththeirfriends as sustainableactivities, such as recycling, biking to work, and reducingyourcarbonfootprint, are tracked and praised, consumersmaybe more likely to modifytheirbehavior.

17. Behavior Modification • Information systemsalsoenables the behavior modification of businesses through the consumerization of IT. • Youngerworkers are driving change based on theirown interactions withtechnology and many businesses are not prepared to handle, letalonecapitalize on, this shift in the IT model (Unisys, 2010). • Information systemscouldenable more efficient means of connecting and sharing whiledelivering IT flexibly to maintaincompetitiveness.

18. Social Responsibility – An Issue for Academics There are manyways information systemscan help consumers and businesses to do the right thing. Somesuch as Efficiency Systems are more widelyadoptedwhereasothers, such as behavior modification, present new challenges for the industry. We are all responsible to consideroureffect on the environment and makenecessary changes. This presentation calls on educators, practitioners, and citizens of the world to develop and use information systems to help people do the right thing.

19. Social Responsibility – An Issue for Academics As urged by Watson (2010), academics have a responsibility to developresearch on how IS canfurther the green movement. One way to do thisis to develop IS thatincreases the ease of going green by aidingwithfollowthrough for thosethatalreadydesire to live green. This is a real opportunity to help people with the right tools and technologies to enablethem to do the right thing for the environment.

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