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The Great Awakening

The Great Awakening. Established Churches. Anglicanism Virginia Maryland Delaware The Carolinas Congregationalism New England Struggle for influence in New York between Anglicans and Dutch Reformed Quakers dominated Pennsylvania, but not “established”

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The Great Awakening

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  1. The Great Awakening

  2. Established Churches • Anglicanism • Virginia • Maryland • Delaware • The Carolinas • Congregationalism • New England • Struggle for influence in New York between Anglicans and Dutch Reformed • Quakers dominated Pennsylvania, but not “established” • New Jersey and Rhode Island had no established church

  3. Itinerant Evangelists • Began to claim that the ministers who tightly controlled their parishes were incompetent • Called for people to abandon the rituals or faith and embrace a more individualistic approach • Appealed to the masses, spawning both invigoration and fragmentation • Insisted that emotions played a central role in spiritual life

  4. Beginnings • Concern over people of the frontier lapsing into primitive lives of the “heathen” Indians • Jonathan Edwards • Congregationalist minister of Northampton, MA • Concerned with people’s preoccupation with making and spending money • Criticized Deists • Wanted to rekindle passion in the church

  5. Beginnings • George Whitfield • Began preaching to huge crowds across all of the colonies in the late 1730s • Wanted to restore religious fervor • Focused on the idea of re-birth • “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” (Edwards) • Delivered in 1741, marks the peak of the Great Awakening

  6. Piety and Reason • Churches undermined by the idea that grace could be received without the assistance of traditional clergy • Splits in churches gave people more choices • Puritanism almost completely disappeared during the Great Awakening • Largest victories for the Great Awakening were in the frontiers of the middle and southern colonies

  7. Piety and Reason • In response to claims that revivalist ministers were uneducated, denominational colleges were established throughout the colonies • Harvard, William & Mary, Yale, Princeton, Columbia, Brown, Rutgers, Dartmouth • U of Pennsylvania was the only secular college at the time

  8. The Great Awakening had calmed by 1750, but revival continued in Virginia until the 1770s • Like the Enlightenment, The Great Awakening influenced the American Revolution and its residual effects are still felt in American life • Both movements emphasized the power and right of individual decisions • Both hoped that America would become a promised land for people seeking Enlightenment, Awakening, or both

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