Unit 12

1. Unit 12 Reconstruction

2. 12.1 Civil War Effects

3. Reconstruction Era • 1865-1877 • Period after Civil War • Issue: • How South would be admitted back into Union

4. Freedmans bureau • Expanded education purposes • Helped freed slaves food, clothing, and medical care • Asked for: • “20 acres and mule”

5. Black Codes • laws passed in the South during Reconstruction to limit the opportunities for freedmans. • Made it Illegal to: • Hold public office • Travel freely • Serve on juries

6. Compromise of 1877 • The election of 1876 was very close • Congress would decide who would win the election • In a deal with Southern states, Rutherford B Hayes promised to remove soldiers if they voted for him to win the election

7. 12.2 Reconstruction Legislation (LAWS)

8. Civil Rights Bill • Guaranteed freedman’s rights • AKA: • 14th amendment

9. Reconstruction Act of 1867 • Union established military rule over former Confederate states • Union troops helped register freedman to vote • Former Confederate leaders could not vote

10. Jim Crow Laws • laws passed to bypass laws created by the Radical Republicans(North) • Jim Crow laws functioned to keep black and white people separated: • Schools, marriage, voting • Examples: • No colored person shall serve as a barber [to] white women or girls. • Separate rooms [shall] be provided for the teaching of pupils of African descent

11. Homestead Act of 1862 • Any citizen could occupy 160 acres of land • If the property were “improved” after 5 yrs the owner would be given the land • Attracted poor people and immigrants • 1.4 million homestead sites were granted

12. Dawes Act • Purpose was to protect the Indian society • Each indian family was given 160 acres • The surplus was taken by the Gov’t • Tribal ownership disappeared • The Indian culture was greatly affected

13. Morril Act • Each state was given 30,000 acres of land per congress member • Ex: 30,000 x 20=600,000 • State would sell land and use $ to fund public colleges • Ex: A&M - Tech schools

14. 12.3 People During Reconstruction

15. Andrew Johnson • Took over for Lincoln after was assasinated • Followed Lincoln’s plan for leniency toward Southern states • Pardoned most rebel leaders • Was almost impeached • He fired the security of war which was unconstitutional

16. Rutherford B Hayes • Became the 19th POTUS b/c of the Compromise of 1877 • Compromise states that in a POTUS election run-off (tie) Hayes would win if Federal troops were removed and Reconstruction ended • his victory ended Reconstruction

17. Carpetbaggers/Scalawags • Scalawags: • Southerners who sided with the North • Carpetbaggers: • Northerners who went South

18. Sharecroppers • Were given land, tools, livestock from plantation owners • Plantation owners took advantage of the uneducated farmers • (Credit Card example) • Were slaves to their loans • Created fake money • Made sharecroppers buy overpriced tools from them with fake money

19. Klu Klux Klan • Secret society • Sought to destroy the Republican party in the South • Intimidated free African-americans and any race who helped them

20. Hiram Rhodes Revels • US Senator • 1st African American senator • Elected in 1870 • Spoke out against racial segragation • Helped recruit African Americans during War