Vaccination for Contagious Diseases

1. Vaccination for Contagious Diseases Livestock Handling and Vaccine Administration Adapted from the FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination for Contagious Diseases (2011)

2. Handling and Restraint for Vaccination FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease - Administration

3. Key Points of Handling FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease - Administration Safety is first consideration All restraint should be imposed by experienced handlers Use behavioral principles to move and restrain animals Always leave an escape route

4. General Handling FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease - Administration Flight Zone, Point of Balance, Blind Spot

5. Equine Handling FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease - Administration • Halters • Most common method • Equine Stocks • Different from cattle stocks, no head catch • Never enter the stocks with a horse • Twitch • Places pressure on a horse’s upper lip

6. Cattle Handling FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease - Administration • Chutes • With or without headgates and metal arms • ‘Lock ups’ • Dairy operations at the feed bunk

7. Sheep Handling FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease - Administration • Approach slowly, calmly • ‘Tipping’ restraint • Set a sheep onto its rump • Cupping under jaw and behind head to restrain • Cupping under jaw and on dock of tail to move • Alleys and gates

8. Goat Handling FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease - Administration Tall alleyways, fences A chute with headgates Halter Fitting table or milking stand

9. Swine Handling FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease - Administration • Often placed into a smaller pen • Young pigs may be held • Snare poles • Flags, plastic paddles or panels should be used as primary movement aids • Avoid overuse of electric prods

10. Vaccine Administration FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease - Administration

11. Vaccine Administration FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease - Administration • For all species: • Use a new needle for each animal • Dispose of needles appropriately • Do not give multiple vaccinations in the same site on any animal • No more then 10 ml in any one site, and separate injection sites by 4 inches • Check to make sure needle has not punctured a blood vessel

12. Equine FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease - Administration Neck is the preferred injection site for subcutaneous injection Administer intramuscular vaccines in the neck May administer in muscles of the hindquarters

13. Cattle FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease - Administration • Subcutaneous or intramuscular injections • In triangular region of the neck • Do not inject the upper rump or upper butt

14. Sheep FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease - Administration Subcutaneous injections in the loose skin of axillary region Intramuscular injections given in the neck muscles

15. Goat FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease - Administration Subcutaneous injections: axillary region Intramuscular injections in large muscles along the side of the neck

16. Swine FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease - Administration • Small pigs • Subcutaneous injections: loose flaps of flank skin or behind the elbow • Large pigs • Subcutaneous injections in the neck, just behind and below the ear • Intramuscular injections: in the neck just behind and below the ear

17. Needle Sizes FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease - Administration • Recommended needle sizes are based on: • Species • Age of the animal • Route of administration • Manufacturer recommendation

18. Record Keeping FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease - Administration

19. Vaccination Record FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease - Administration • Individual animal or group identification • Devices and number(s) • Owner’s name and mailing address • Signalment • Species, age, sex, breed • Vaccination date

20. Vaccination Record FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease - Administration • Vaccination route and location • Vaccine information • Brand or manufacturer • Product name or number • Lot number • Expiration date • Withdrawal date (for food-producing animals)

21. For More Information FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease - Administration • FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines & SOP: Vaccination for Contagious Diseases (2011) • http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/emergency_management/ • Vaccination for Contagious Diseases web-base training module • http://naherc.sws.iastate.edu/

22. Guidelines Content FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease - Administration Authors (CFSPH) Jim Roth, DVM, PhD, DACVM Amber Stumbaugh, MS Anna Rovid-Spickler, DVM, PhD DanelleBickett-Weddle, DVM, MPH, PhD, DACVPM Reviewers (USDA) Patricia Foley, DVM, PhD R. Alex Thompson, DVM, PhD

23. Acknowledgments Development of this presentation was by the Center for Food Security and Public Health at Iowa State University through funding from the USDA APHIS Veterinary Services PPT Author: Patricia Futoma, Veterinary Student, Iowa State University Reviewers: Cheryl L. Eia, JD, DVM, MPH; Janice Mogan, DVM