"Roadmap" to IPv6 A Case of Japan

1. "Roadmap" to IPv6 A Case of Japan The 1st GLOBAL IPv6 Summit in AP February 2003 AOKI, Eiji Ministry of Public Management, Home Affairs, Posts and Telecommunications

2. IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) What is an IP address? What is IPv6? Telephone number (telephone)⇔ IP address (Internet) A next-generation version of IP (Internet Protocol), a basic Internet protocol, in which the number of IP addresses (numbers to identify terminals) is greatly increased. 03-0000-0000 Telephone number 03-0000-0000 Telephone network Dial 03-####-#### IP header IP header IP address Data IP address × Data × The current version of IP is version 4. 232 IP addresses (=approximately 4.3 billion) Number corresponding to one bucket full of sand. The next-generation of IP is version 6 2128 IP addresses Number corresponding to a mass of sand covering the whole world. Internet IP address：X IP address：Y From IPv4 to IPv6 The world of IPv6 IPv４ Mobile telephone Data-compatible home appliances アプリケーション サーバ Application Server 端末 Settlement Terminal ルータ Router ISP \ \ Broadcasting Data car Making applications compatible with IPv6 IPv６ Making terminals compatible with IPv6 Making routers compatible with IPv6 Providing IPv6 services Map information Vending machines Image Server IPv６ DRINK \ Music \ ISP

3. Additional Functionality in Moving from IPv4 to IPv6 1. Dramatic expansion in the address space • IPv4 address space  232 = 4,294,967,296 • IPv6 address space  2128 = 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 • As the world’s population is about 6 billion, this equals 57,000 x 1 trillion x 1 trillion per person. • If evenly placed across the earth’s land surface, there would be 220 million x 1 trillion per 1cm2 •  Networking of non-PC devices • (IP addresses can be allocated to a variety of emerging devices, such as mobile telephones, home appliances, games and automobiles etc.) • 2. Standard Support for Security Functions (IPsec: IP Security) • It will become possible to authenticate users and encrypt data when transferring IP packets. • 3. Ability to Set IP Addresses Automatically (Plug-and-Play) • Includes functionality whereby devices can automatically obtain IP addresses merely by being connected to the network. • 4. Realizes Transmission of Real-time Data such as Voice and Image Data (QoS: Quality of Service) • Enables quality of communication service to be guaranteed by placing low priority on data communications etc. that can tolerate delay and high priority on voice and image data that cannot tolerate delay.

4. Depletion of World IPv4 addresses Consumption of IPv4 addresses : billion Number of IPv4 addresses (about 4.3 billion) 4.3 Source: ICANN web site

5. Changes in the total number of subscribers to high-speed and ultra-high-speed Internet services in Japan Optical Fiber （for general users） ○Subscribers：206,189 ○Operators： 10 (End-Dec. 2002) Wireless ○Subscribers：Approx.30,000 ○Operators：23 (End-Dec. 2002) 30,000 Approx. 5,645,728 206,189 DSL ○Subscribers： 5,645,728 (End-Dec.2002) ○Operators： 47 (End-Jun. 2002) 1,954,000 Cable Internet ○Subscribers： Approx. 1,954,000 ○Operators： 277 (End-Dec. 2002)

6. Image of how IPv6 Can be Utilized Remote diagnostics for home appliances etc. Home Variety of content Gahoo Ding bubble Steam Data distribution management center IPv6 Internet whir Offices, schools etc. Public space Same Internet access as the home and office environment Get the information you want while on the move (news, music, movies, games etc.) Transportation system Wireless LAN base station Wireless LAN base station Realization of an environment in which all devices are interconnected and users can receive the services they want regardless of their location.

7. IPv6 in Governmental Policy - Japan General Policy Speech by then Prime Minister Yoshiro Mori to the 150th Session of the Diet (September 21, 2000) Expressed the determination to contribute to the development of the Internet by participating in tackling global Internet issues with such tools as IPv6. e-Japan Strategy (January 22, 2001) Promote the shift to the Internet networks equipped with IPv6 that provides enough address space and stricter protection of privacy and network security, anticipating that various Internet access devices and digital home appliances will become popular and constantly connected to the Internet. This approach is also presented in “e-Japan Priority Policy Program” (March 2001) and other policy initiatives thereafter.

8. Roadmap showing a path to IPv6 from: Second Interim Report of the Telecommunications Council on the “Internet Policy Direction in the 21st Century”(August 7, 2002)

9. Current status- Basic R&D was completed.- Taking a look at international R&D trends, many countries have geared up.- The current IPv6 is still at an initial stage for practical operations before the full-scale introduction phase. It bears a similarity to the status of IPv4 a decade ago.- In the years ahead, as the existing IPv4-based infrastructure become compatible with IPv6, IPv6 will be deployed at an introductory stage for fields newly introducing the Internet.

10. Roadmap showing a path toward transition- 2002 - approximately 2003: IPv6 initial phase. IPv6-ready products are to be increased.- Approximately 2004 - approximately 2006: IPv6 full-scale introduction phase. The replacement of old systems with IPv6-ready systems will be implemented and IPv6 will be deployed at an introductory stage for fields newly introducing the Internet.- 2007 onwards: further development phase of IPv6. Internet infrastructures will become IPv6-ready in almost all cases, thus practical use of the Internet enjoying the advantages of IPv6 will be diffused.- For facilitating the transition of IPv4 to IPv6, based upon this Roadmap, it is essential for each player to act with a common understanding in coping with challenges below.

11. Scenarios of the transition to IPv6-based Internet IPv6 full-scale introduction phase (2004-2006) IPv6 progressive phase (2007-) IPv6 initial phase (2002-2003) IPv6 Increase in IPv6 traffic Penetration Rate Replacement of old systems with IPv6-ready systems Increase in the number of IPv6-ready products

12. Challenges to be tackled by each player (1)- Manufacturers, etc.: It is critical to make their products (network equipment and software) for IPv6 at an early stage. Then, further enhancement of their products in terms of stability, performance and operability is required.- ISPs: It is vital to provide IPv6 access service at an early stage. To this end, establishment of know-how on IPv6-based network operations and fostering of human resources are needed.- Homes: While an IPv6-ready outlook will take hold among residential consumers along with replacement of PCs, it will be matters of importance for manufacturers and ISPs to prepare such solutions as autoconfiguration functions for residential consumers who do not have the necessary expertise.

13. Challenges to be tackled by each player (2)- Corporate users, etc.: When updating computer systems, there is a need to introduce IPv6-ready systems considering the lifetime thereof. For that purpose, first of all, system divisions and system integrators of each corporate user are required to clearly understand IPv6.- New fields: Fields in which the Internet will be introduced anew, it is essential to employ IPv6- ready products at an introductory stage.- Government: Its status as an Internet user is the same as corporate users. It is indispensable for the government as a facilitator, who prepare an environment suitable for Internet infrastructures, to take necessary measures for implementing verification experiments on the transitional model.

14. Roadmap for transition to IPv6-based Internet IPv6 full-scale introduction phase (2004~2006) IPv6 full-scale introduction phase (2004~2006) IPv6 initial phase (2002~2003) IPv6 initial phase (2002~2003) IPv6 progressive phase(2007~) IPv6 progressive phase(2007~) IPv6-ready OS Human resources development of SIs Companies, etc. Manufacturers, etc. IPv6-ready routers and switching hubs Review at systems divisions IPv6-readiness check of existing products Employment of IPv6-ready products at leading companies All products to be IPv6-ready Upon replacement of systems, employment of IPv6-ready products at ordinary companies Other network products ready for IPv6 Business deployment utilizing IPv6 IPv6-enabled applications IPv6-ready PDAs, mobile and wireless products Business deployment utilizing IPv6 New fields Improvement of stability Deployment of new products/services utilizing IPv6 Verification of interconnectivity Diffusion of non-PC equipment large-scale ISPs Experimental service Review at systems divisions Tunnel/native service Employment of IPv6-ready products at leading departments/bureaus ISPs Dual stack service Measures of ADSL service providers, etc Upon replacement of systems, employment of IPv6-ready products Medium- and small-scale ISPs Government Deployment of administrative services utilizing IPv6 Experimental service Implementation of model verification experiments Dual stack service Tax incentives Deployment of new services utilizing IPv6 Human resources development Establishment of know-how on IPv6-based network operations and fostering of human resources Study on transitional schedules, continuous review of the roadmap Enhancement of user support Preparation of statistics on IPv6 IPv6-ready PCs International collaboration Japan-EU joint projects Homes IPv6-ready home networks Japan-China/Japan-Korea joint projects Deployment of consumer electronics/games over IPv6 Worldwide distribution of know-how on the transition established by Japan Upon purchase, check IPv6-readiness of products

15. Promotion of the transition to IPv6 Internet IPv4 terminal Aiming at becoming the most advanced IT nation in the world status, we conduct demonstration experiments to realize a smooth transition of the whole Internet infrastructure from IPv4 to IPv6. Through this experiments, we seek solutions to network operational problems, while developing transition models. ○ Select a model area which consists of a local government, enterprises and home users, etc. and conduct demonstration experiments from 2003 targeting a transition of the whole Internet infrastructure from IPv4 to IPv6. ○ While seeking solutions to network operational problem, develop the optimal model for a smooth transition to IPv6, without adversely affecting IPv4 based services. ○ In order to promote the transition to IPv6 world wide, we will distribute IPv6 transition know-how to the rest of the world by releasing the results of the demonstration experiments, standardizing activities in international organizations, etc. Home Users Transition Model Network Simultaneous Operation of IPv4 and IPv6 IPv6 terminal Local Government IPv4 terminal server Router which supports both IPv4 andIPv6 Router which supports both IPv4 andIPv6 Enterprises Server which supports both IPv4 andIPv6 server IPv4 terminal Firewall IPv6 terminal IPv6 terminal • Expense Account： • Budgetary request for fiscal year • 2003 is about18,000,000 U.S. • dollars. IPv4 terminal IPv4 Internet IPv4 terminal IPv4 terminal IPv4 terminal

16. Newly Established IPv6-facilitating Tax System( Expansion of the Tax System to Promote the Next Generation Telecommunication Networks ) # Beneficiaries : National tax: Individuals and corporations filing a blue return Local tax: Telecommunications carriers (including ISPs) who have obtained authorization of Advanced Telecommunications Facilities Development Plans under Provisional Measures for Telecommunications Infrastructure, and newly acquire IPv6-ready Routers in line with the authorized plans # Object : IPv6-ready Routers Tax Incentives No-Interest / Low-Interest Loan Systems

17. IPv6 Promotion Council of Japan Project Leader : Dr. MURAI Jun, Professor of Keio University Supreme advisor : Mr. FUJII Yoshihiro, Senior Counselor, Hitachi Zosen Corp. Members : Telecommunications Carriers, apparatus makers, user enterprises, etc. Total : 262 (as of May 31, 2002) Activities of IPv6 Promotion Council : 1. Demonstration Experiments and Technical Evaluation a) Construction of IPv6 Experiment Network and Operation of demonstration experiments participated by corporate and individual users b) Technical Evaluation and Authorization - Interoperability examination of IPv6 equipment through above demonstration experiments and issuing logo mark to products 2. Stimulating Address Transfer - Formulation of strategies to accommodate transfer from IPv4 to IPv6 by preparing proposals of policies to Government - To handle and control of IPv4 addresses conditioned on IPv6 transfer within time limit 3. Standardizing Activities - Consideration of standardization for applications and services utilizing IPv6, and cooperation with foreign standardization organizations 4. Development of Human Resources - Fostering human resources involved in above activities, and award contributors etc.

18. International trends for IPv6 Transition to IPv6 has recently increased importance worldwide. The European and Asia-Pacific regions in particular are actively engaged in formulating national strategies and implementing various projects. Europe Asia 17 R&D until 2004. Expenditure by the Commission beyond Euro64mil. [Korea] The Government leads various IPv6 projects. In February 2001 the Government an announced official statement to give a boost to the introduction of IPv6. 46.8 billion Won government budget is earmarked until 2003. "eEurope 2002"(March 2000) expressed intention to move toward full conversion to IPv6. " EU IPv6 Task Force," launched April 2001, released reports on the IPv6 2005 Roadmap Recommendations in January 2002. "eEurope 2005" ( May 2002) proclaims active use of IPv6. [China] I view of the increase in the number of the Internet users, the Government is engaged in introduction of IPv6 as national strategy. USA [Taiwan] The Governments task force "National Information & Communication Initiative"plays a central role in promoting the transition to IPv6. "IP v6 Diffusion Plan"(October 2001) "E-Taiwan Plan" (May 2002) "ESnet" (research institute under the US Department of Energy) ---- operation projects "DREN" (experimental network of DoD) ---- v6 procurement equipment

19. Conclusion - Transition toward IPv6 is a "must." - Sooner or later it will be realised. But transition without affecting the existing Internet requires more prudence. - Education and training of engineers is vital. - Those parties commercially involved in the Internet should act bearing IPv6 in mind, to become IPv6- ready. - Governments should act as both users/advocates. - Front runners including Japan should present their transitional models to other countries, and further contribute to worldwide deployment of IPv6.