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智慧型運輸系統的介紹與發展

智慧型運輸系統的介紹與發展. 胡大瀛 教授 成功大學交通管理科學系 Department of Transportation and Communication Management Science, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, R.O.C. 中華民國 98 年 4 月 17 日. 簡報大綱. 智慧型運輸系統 ITS 內涵 發展背景 願景與目標 智慧型運輸系統架構 技術上的突破： Technological Drivers 美國經驗： ITS Programs in SAFETEA-LU 國內發展

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智慧型運輸系統的介紹與發展

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  1. 智慧型運輸系統的介紹與發展 胡大瀛 教授 成功大學交通管理科學系 Department of Transportation and Communication Management Science, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, R.O.C. 中華民國98年4月17日

  2. 簡報大綱 • 智慧型運輸系統 • ITS內涵 • 發展背景 • 願景與目標 • 智慧型運輸系統架構 • 技術上的突破：Technological Drivers • 美國經驗：ITS Programs in SAFETEA-LU • 國內發展 • 未來研究上的挑戰 • 結論與建議

  3. 前言 智慧型運輸系統 (Intelligent Transportation Systems, ITS） 係結合資訊、通信、電子、控制及管理等技術運用於各種運輸軟硬體建設，以使整體交通運輸之營運管理自動化或提升運輸服務品質之系統。 ~摘錄自「促進民間參與公共建設法(簡稱促參法)施行細則」第二條 ITS簡單來說就是「即時化、資訊化、通信化的人、車、路系統」。

  4. Definition of ITS • Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) comprise a wide range of novel tools for managing transport networks, as well as services for travelers. • “Transport Telematics” • ITS tools are based on three core features: • Information, • Communications, and • Integration. • Collection, processing, integration, and supply of information are at the heart of ITS.

  5. ITS內涵(1/3) • 就技術產品面來說，基本上，ITS係透過相關的技術產品進行資料蒐集、資料處理、資訊傳輸、資訊播送，以及資訊應用之程序來發揮服務功能； • 就服務功能面而言，ITS的內涵包括「應用對象與服務範圍」、「基本系統單元」及「系統發展平台」三個層次。

  6. ITS內涵(2/3) ITS服務功能面內涵示意圖

  7. ITS內涵(3/3) ITS概念模式圖

  8. 發展背景(1/2) • 交通問題 • 交通擁擠情況日益惡化 • 交通事故發生次數增加 • 公路運輸能源消耗持續增加 • 空氣污染日益嚴重 • 發展契機 • 資訊與通信科技日漸成熟,多項產品居世界領先地位 • 環境、社會、經濟之永續發展為普世追求的理想 • 知識經濟是主導未來經濟發展的主流

  9. 發展背景(2/2) • 發展效益 • 國家整體效益 • 加強國際聯網，強化國家職能基礎 • 促進產業發展，提昇國家競爭能力 • 社會發展效益 • 改善運輸效率，增加運輸系統容量 • 降低環境污染，減少負面環境衝擊 • 民生福祉效益 • 增進交通安全，減少傷亡事故發生 • 掌握即時資訊，提昇日常生活品質

  10. 願景與目標

  11. 先進交通管理服務（ATMS） 先進用路人資訊服務（ATIS） 先進大眾運輸服務（APTS） 緊急救援管理服務（EMS） 電子收付費服務（EPS） 商車營運服務（CVOS） 先進車輛控制及安全服務（ACVSS） 弱勢使用者保護服務（VIPS） 資訊管理服務（IMS） 九大服務領域

  12. 執行架構

  13. 組織分工

  14. IVC VII IVC means Inter-Vehicle Communication VII means Vehicle-Infrastructure Integration 智慧型運輸系統架構

  15. VII and IVC • 車輛與基礎設施的整合 (Vehicle -Infrastructure Integration, VII) • 車間通訊 (Inter-Vehicle Communication, IVC) • VANET (Vehicular Ad-hoc network) • 由VII與IVC的網路架構，包含移動節點(車輛)，架構與MANET (Mobile Ad-hoc network)相似，其相異點如下： • 車輛間的相對速度較高的情況，將使網路拓撲難以管理 。 • 交通車流為高度動態環境，這個動態環境將造成通訊網路的品質不良 。 • 移動節點帶有交通的特性。

  16. 技術上的突破Technological Drivers • 4 Development Trends # 1: Handset Capabilities, Wireless Internet # 2: Inexpensive wireless sensor networks # 3: Network Simulation-Assignment Modeling for Advanced Traffic System Management # 4: Dynamic Decision Support Tools for Vehicle Routing, Fleet Management and Collaborative Logistics

  17. Telemobility and Telelogistics • Internet + mobility --TELEMOBILITY and TELELOGISTICS • May entail changes in: • Nature of the activities themselves (doing what?) • Location/spatial characteristics of the activities • Inter-person and inter-firm interaction in activities • Process of activity generation and scheduling • More dynamic (real-time) activity generation and scheduling

  18. Development trend # 3 • Network Simulation-Assignment Modeling for Advanced Traffic System Management • 結合交通模擬與路網指派 • 具備功能： • 交通車流模擬 • 動態交通指派 • 即時交通推估預測 • Tools: DynaTAIWAN, DYNASMART-X, DynaMIT-R, VISUM On-line,…

  19. Development trend # 4 • Dynamic Decision Support Tools for Vehicle Routing, Fleet Management, and Collaborative Logistics • Subject to considerable academic development in the area of algorithm development and testing • Rapidly coming to market, in conjunction with asset tracking and management technologies • Prospect for tie-ins with predictive traffic management tools

  20. Example of Collaborative Logistics:Vendor-management Inventories (VMI)Online Inventory Routing Problem OIRP

  21. 美國經驗:ITS Programsin SAFETEA-LU Safe, Accountable, Flexible, and Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users

  22. SAFETEA-LU Overview • “This is more than just a highway bill; it's a safety bill. This law makes our highways and mass transit systems safer and better, and it will help more people find work." President George W. Bush • 6-year bill • 2004 unchanged • 2005 shows moderate increase • Ends September 30, 2009 • Highway funding increased by 30% • Range of benefit - some states receive only a 19% increase, some states receive as high as 46% • Transit funding increased by 46% • 5,700 special projects “earmarked” by the authorizers

  23. ITS in SAFETEA-LU This marks a successful “graduation” from TEA-21 where ITS was found primarily in Title V (research). ITS is no longer a special niche program, rather is part of the “mainstream” of transportation funding ITS can be found in several titles of the law • Title I - Federal Aid Highways • Title II - Highway Safety • Title III - Public Transportation • Title IV - Motor Carrier Safety • Title V - Research • Title VI - Transportation Planning

  24. Title I - Federal Aid Highways • Expanded ITS eligibility (CMAQ and HSIP) • CMAQ (Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement) • HSIP (Highway Safety Improvement Program) • Real-Time System Management Information Program (NHS, CMAQ, and STP) • STP (Surface Transportation Program) • $20 Billion in Special Projects (dedicated ITS and ITS-included) • Tolling, automated collection technology • Road user fees, value pricing studies • Great Lakes ITS program

  25. Title II and Title III Title II - Highway Safety • NHTSA Research including crash avoidance • Unauthorized sale/use of traffic signal preemption transmitters - fines and jail Title III - Public Transportation • Expanded eligibility for ITS projects in Capital Investment Grant program • Research & Development • Small Start Projects

  26. Title IV - Motor Carrier Safety • Expanded eligibility for ITS in Motor Carrier Safety Grant program • Motor Carrier Research Program • CVISN - $25M per year 2006-2009 • Commercial Vehicle Information Systems and Networks (CVISN) • Core Deployment Grants - maximum $2.5M per state • Expanded Deployment Grants - maximum $1M per state • Federal Share not to exceed 80% (up to 30% from other federal sources)

  27. Title V - Research • Subtitle C - ITS Research • Discretionary Research & Development • National ITS Program Plan • National Architecture and Standards Program • Road Weather Research & Development Program • Centers for Surface Transportation Excellence • I-95 Coalition • Advisory Committee: Secretary shall establish, no more than 20 members, includes “representative from a non-profit group representing the intelligent transportation systems industry” • Rural Interstate Corridor Communications Study • Transportation Technology Innovation and Demonstration Program • Surface Transportation Congestion Relief Solutions Research Initiative • National Cooperative Freight Transportation Research Program • Future Strategic Highway Research Program

  28. 當前交通施政的重要課題：ITS Related Issues • 提供智慧化交通運輸服務 • 啟用國道行車旅行時間系統 • 推動整體交通路網與跨運具的智慧型運輸系統相關計畫 • 交通管理 • 即時路況資訊提供 • 特定路口、路段交通改善規劃 • 北部高速公路交流道壅塞問題改善 • 計程電子收費 • 動態交通指派 • 交通維持與疏導計畫 • 壅塞問題診斷與疏導對策

  29. 營造人本交通環境 • 採取適當措施降低小汽車使用比例 • 強化區內接駁運輸服務功能 • 構建完整公共運輸路網 • 結合智慧型運輸技術 • 規劃良好的步行空間與自行車道系統

  30. 研究領域跨越「人」、 「車」、 「路」 • 提供 • 智慧行動資訊 • 提供智慧導航 • 建構智慧路廊 動態交通資訊 北台灣科技走廊 行車導航 旅行時間預測 路側設施ITS化

  31. 未來重要的議題 • 即時資訊的提供與影響 • 無線網路與個人通訊 • TELEMOBILITY and TELELOGISTICS • 即時互動的市場機制 • Real-time interactive market-based mechanisms • 車輛與基礎設施的整合(VII)與車間通訊(IVC)

  32. 運輸規劃與交通管理控制的結合 • 用路者行為與反應 • key building block for use of information as tool for policy and control; behavior change towards sustainable patterns • 新的商業營運模式 • for infrastructure development, ownership and operation; • for system and service development and management. • Strategic mobility, energy and sustainability

  33. Conclusions • Transportation professionals are able to develop and implement intelligent transport systems. They need to be aware of the possibilities offered by the new technology and be alert to the potential benefits. • Applications of ITS are proceeding, but many different stakeholders are involved. This means that transportation professionals cannot work in isolation. • Traffic managers will be challenged to build new alliances with other stakeholders in the transport scene, such as public transport operators, private sector information service providers, city planning authorities, the fleet managers of commercial vehicles, and, not least, the general traveling public. • Transportation professionals will have the opportunity to launch new ITS systems and services in collaboration with banks and others involved in electronic payment systems. Some of this may help pay for new transportation infrastructure. • All of this will require a system approach and a well-developed framework for inter-agency cooperation.

  34. 簡報結束敬請指教

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