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MEXICO

MEXICO. JESSE LUNSFORD & BRENNA LYONS. FAMILISMO. Family is of utmost importance and has first priority. Families tend to live near by each other and create a sense of community

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MEXICO

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  1. MEXICO JESSE LUNSFORD & BRENNA LYONS

  2. FAMILISMO • Family is of utmost importance and has first priority. Families tend to live near by each other and create a sense of community • Patriarchal culture- the father (or oldest male) is ultimate decision maker. The male is the provider and the mother takes care of the children and sick and/or elderly and food prep • Respect for all family members is a must in a household • (1)

  3. FAMILISMO • The mother has “authority” over children and their upbringing, well into their adult life • Children are expected to have respect for their elders and it is their duty to take care of their parents when they are old and/or sick. • Traditionally, children live at home until they are ready to get married and have a family of their own. This is shifting now because of Western ideas of “co-habitation” before marriage. • (1)

  4. RELIGION • Roughly 85-90% Are Roman Catholic with lent eating restrictions (1) • “Religion is a private affair centered around commitment to marriage and fertility, the sanctity of mothers, the condemnation of premarital sex and homosexuality” (2)

  5. RELIGION • The Virgin of Guadalupe is one of their most popular, and powerful, ways to symbolize their faith. (1) • There has been a rise in Evangelical and Mormon conversion because of the strong recruitment efforts made by these institutions. (3)

  6. TRADITIONAL FOOD HABITS • Mexican food cuisine dates back almost 9000 years and cuisine highly influenced from the native Indians (Aztecs) and Europeans (Spanish). (4) • Cultures and foods around Mexico vary widely. (5) • Corn is one of the main staples in the Mexican diet and used in a variety of ways-flours, tortillas, breads. (5) • Indigenous, rural people cultivate a variety of squash, sweet potato, fruits, and animals. Anything that they can grow will be incorporated in to their diet. (5)

  7. TRADITIONAL FOOD HABITS • In an interview (February 2013), Mr. Perez states, “People living in metropolitan areas are consuming a more Western diet—fast food and Coca-cola. They still consume a high amount of corn products, beans and meats.” • Mexico is the #1 consumer of Coca Cola in the world, with nearly 2x as many servings per adult as US—medicinal uses. (6)

  8. TRADITIONAL FOOD HABITS • Traditional Mexican cuisine often incorporates chile peppers (lots!) of some sort and spices like Epazote, coriander, and annota seeds (achiote) (5) • According to Mr. Perez (February 2013), “Street food” is common in metro areas. Tacos and tamales (“stuffed foods”) are the most popular items. The tacos are often much more simple than seen here in the U.S. (meat and pico de gallo)

  9. CORN – INGREDIENT SPOTLIGHT • Cultivated for almost 9,000 years • Staple food, in many dishes • Required limestone to heat it to release niacin • Pellagra outbreak in U.S.

  10. HEALTH • As of 2011, Mexico is more obese than the U.S. • Rates of children malnutrition is declining, from 6% to 1.6% since 2000. • Average life expectancy in Mexico = 76.66.  Average life expectancy of immigrants from Mexico to US = 80.6.  That is the only minority who actually gains life expectancy when coming to the U.S. BUT. . .(6)

  11. HEALTH • Immigrants to the U.S have a higher rate of diabetes (almost double). (5) • Obesity rates for immigrants: men= 37% and 47% in woman. (5) • Obesity rates in Mexican American children is around 20% and are continually rising (6) • Low socioeconomic status, education, and physical activity all contribute to these rates. (5) • Hispanics living in areas where 25 percent or more residents were Hispanic had higher BMIs and were more likely to be obese compared to other individuals. (7)

  12. HEALTH • 1st Generation immigrants report an increase in consumption of breads, cereals, butter, chips and french fries; however, the greatest change of diet, obesity and diabetes rates is seen between the 1st and 2nd generation immigrants.(5) • Consumption of high-sugar drinks are high for both Mexicans and Mexican Americans, but they hold beliefs that American juice contributes to obesity and that coca-cola can be used for medicinal purposes and even given to babies in a bottle. (6)

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  14. CARNITAS TACOS - AUTHENTIC

  15. CARNITAS TACOS - MODIFIED • ... Reduction of 592 calories and 47g of fat!

  16. COUNSELING TIPS • 43% of Mexican Americans report they are not proficient in English. • Over 37% do not have health insurance (even more because they are undocumented) • They respond best to warm, respectful and direct communication. • In Mexico, belief about illness and health care is very different from American views and must be respected and understood in order for them to gain our trust as health professionals. (5)

  17. COUNSELING TIPS • “Health is a gift from God, and illness is almost always due to outside forces (unless one is being punished by God for one’s sins). • Health care is first discussed with mothers, grandmothers, and wives. • Use of home remedies (tea), herbalists, massage therapists. If illness does not respond, then help from a curandera (healer) is sought. 26% of Mexican American woman went to a curandera, but does not mean they will not seek the help of a biomedical professional. • Illnesses may be caused by natural (diet/lifestyle) or supernatural (evil spirits) and treatment is based on the cause of the illness (5)

  18. COUNSELING TIPS • “Susto” is a disease caused by excessive emotion. A mild form will typically be cured by sugar/sugar water, but another form is caused by a ghosts who frightens the individual so badly that their soul leaves the body (typical form). • “Anglo” diseases like diabetes is seen as a disease which is caused by both chronic susto and a diet high in fat and sugar. (5) • The focus on emotion, folk, and Anglo practices is key for Mexican Americans (5) • Patients will leave if they feel misunderstood, uneasy, or if they are told not to do something that is traditional in their culture. (6)

  19. REFERENCES • 1.Santana S, Santana FO. An Introduction to Mexican Culture for Rehabilitation Service Providers. Center for International Rehabilitation Information and Exchange, Universtiy of Buffalo. http://cirrie.buffalo.edu/culture/monographs/mexico/. Published 2001. Accessed February 3, 2013. • 2. Falicov, C.J. Mexican Families. Ethnicity and Family Therapy. New York: Guilford Press; 1996: 170-175. • 3. Merrill, T.L. & Miró, R. (ed). Mexico: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress; 1996. • 4. Kniseley N. Mexican Cuisine. Penn State. http://www.personal.psu.edu/srh 122/Mexican.htm. Accessed February 3, 2013. • 5. Kittler PG, Sucher KP. Food and Culture. Belmont CA: Thomson Wadsworth; 2008.  • 6. Rengers, B. “Mexican heritage and Culture.” Museo de las Americas; February 20, 2013. • 7. Disparities/Minority Health : Living in Hispanic or Black communities increase risk of obesity. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. http://www.ahrq.gov/research/dec12/1212RA31.htm Accessed February 3, 2013. • 8. Ogden, C. & Carroll, M. “Prevalence of Obesity Among Children and Adolescents: United States, Trends 1963-1965 Through 2007-2008.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/obesity_child_07_08/obesity_child_07_08.htm. Accessed February 3, 2013.

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