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Sidney and Spencer

Explore the transition from medieval England to the Renaissance period, witnessing the rise of Henry Tudor, Protestantism, and the emergence of probability. Discover the artistry of Italian and Shakespearean sonnets.

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Sidney and Spencer

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  1. Sidney and Spencer

  2. Beginning of Modern Times 1485, War of Roses Ends Dispute between the houses of Lancaster (red) and York (white) ending with the rise of Henry Tudor

  3. 1492 William Caxton issued first novel in England, Le Morte D'Arthur

  4. England became Protestant Started with Luther's 95 Theses in 1517

  5. Ian Hacking, The Emergence of Probability The old probability, as we have seen, is an attribute of opinion. Opinions are probable when they are approved by authority, when they are testified to, supported by ancient books. But in …Renaissance authors we read of signs that have probability. These signs are the signs of nature, not of the written word. Yet we shall see…that this antithesis is wrong. Nature is the written word, the writ of the Author of Nature. Signs have probability because they come from this ultimate authority. It is from this concept of sign that is created the raw material for the mutation that I call the emergence of probability.

  6. Italian (Petrarchan) Sonnet division into the octave and the sestet Octave: abbaabba Sestet: cdecde, cdccdc, acacaa, or cdedce Era il giorno ch'al sol si scoloraroper la pietà del suo factore i rai,quando ì fui preso, et non me ne guardai,chè i bè vostr'occhi, donna, mi legaro. Tempo non mi parea da far riparocontra colpi d'Amor: però m'andaisecur, senza sospetto; onde i miei guainel commune dolor s'incominciaro. Trovommi Amor del tutto disarmatoet aperta la via per gli occhi al core,che di lagrime son fatti uscio et varco: Però al mio parer non li fu honoreferir me de saetta in quello stato,a voi armata non mostrar pur l'arco.

  7. English (Shakespearean) sonnet Not octave and sestet divisions but four divisions -- three quatrains and a rhyming couplet: abab cdcd efef gg. Spenser’s is closer to Italian: abab bcbc cdcd ee. When, in disgrace with fortune and men's eyes,I all alone beweep my outcast stateAnd trouble deaf heaven with my bootless criesAnd look upon myself and curse my fate,Wishing me like to one more rich in hope,Featured like him, like him with friends possess'd,Desiring this man's art and that man's scope,With what I most enjoy contented least;Yet in these thoughts myself almost despising,Haply I think on thee, and then my state,Like to the lark at break of day arisingFrom sullen earth, sings hymns at heaven's gate;For thy sweet love remember'd such wealth bringsThat then I scorn to change my state with kings. - Shakespeare, Sonnet 29

  8. Petrarch, Rime 140 Love, who lives and reigns in my thought and keeps his principal seat in my heart, comes like an armed warrior into my forehead, there places himself and there sets up his banner. She who teaches me to love and to suffer and who wishes that reason, modesty and reverence should restrain my great desire and burning hope, thrusts aside and disdains our ardour. Wherefore Love in terror flies to my heart, abandoning all his enterprise, and laments and trembles; there he hides himself and no more appears without. What can I do, when my lord is afraid, except stay with him until the last hour? For he makes a fine end who dies loving well.

  9. Thomas Watt (1503-1542) The long love that in my thought I harbour,  And in mine heart doth keep his residence,Into my face presseth with bold pretence,And therein campeth displaying his banner.She that me learneth to love and to suffer,And wills that my trust, and lust's negligenceBe reined by reason, shame, and reverence,With his hardiness takes displeasure.Wherewith love to the heart's forest he fleeth,Leaving his enterprise with pain and cry,And there him hideth, and not appeareth.What may I do, when my master feareth,    But in the field with him to live and die?    For good is the life, ending faithfully.

  10. Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey (1517?-1547) Love that doth reign and live within my thoughtAnd built his seat within my captive breast,Clad in the arms wherein with me he fought,Oft in my face he doth his banner rest.But she that taught me love and suffer pain,My doubtful hope and eke my hot desireWith shamefast look to shadow and refrain,Her smiling grace converteth straight to ire.And coward Love then to the heart apaceTaketh his flight, where he doth lurk and plainHis purpose lost, and dare not show his face.For my lord's guilt thus faultless bide I pain;Yet from my lord shall not my foot remove:Sweet is the death that taketh end by love.

  11. Sir Philip Sidney, 1554-1586Astrophel and StellaSonnets I, II, VI, XXXI, XXXIX, Stella is derived from the Latin word for star and Astrophel is made up from two Greek words, astro (star) + phil (lover). I. Louing in trueth, and fayne in verse my loue to show, That she, deareShee, might take som pleasure of my paine, Pleasure might cause her reade, reading might make her know, Knowledge might pittiewinne, and pity grace obtaine, I sought fit wordes to paint the blackest face of woe; Studying inuentions fine, her wits to entertaine, Oft turning others leaues, to see if thence would flow Some fresh and fruitfull showers vpon my sun-burnd brain. But words came halting forth, wanting Inuentions stay; Inuention, Natures childe, fledde step-dame Studies blowes; And others feet still seemde but strangers in my way. Thus, great with childe to speak, and helplesse in my throwes, Biting my trewand pen, beating myselfe for spite, Fool, said my Muse to me, looke in thy heart, and write.

  12. XXXI With how sad steps, O Moone, thou climbst the skies! How silently, and with how wanne a face! What, may it be that euen in heau'nly place That busie archer his sharpe arrowes tries? Sure, if that long-with-loue-acquainted eyes Can iudge of loue, thou feel'st a louers case, I reade it in thy lookes: thy languist grace, To me that feele the like, thy state discries. Then, eu'n of fellowship, O Moone, tell me, Is constant loue deem'd there but want of wit? Are beauties there as proud as here they be? Do they aboue loue to be lou'd, and yet Those louers scorn whom that loue doth possesse? Do they call vertue there vngratefulnesse?

  13. Edmund Spenser, 1552?-1599. Amoretti and Epithalamion Sonnet LXXVIII Lackyng my loue I go from place to place, lyke a young fawne that late hath lost the hynd: and seeke each where, where last I sawe her face, whose ymage yet I carry fresh in mynd. I seeke the fields with her late footing synd, I seeke her bowre with her late presence deckt, yet nor in field nor bowre I her can fynd: yet field and bowre are full of her aspect, But when myne eyes I thereunto direct, they ydly back returne to me agayne, and when I hope to see theyr trew obiect, I fynd my selfe but fed with fancies vayne. Ceasse then myne eyes, to seeke her selfe to see, and let my thoughts behold her selfe in mee:

  14. Sources Sidney: http://tudorhistory.org/people/psidney/psidney.jpg Spencer: http://digital.wustl.edu/secondary_images/revision.jpg Red rose: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Lancashire_rose.svg White rose: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yorkshire_rose.svg Caxton text: http://www.typographia.org/1999/graphion/caxton-type.html Caxton: http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/images/caxton_william.jpg Luther’s 95 Theses: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:95Thesen.jpg Circulatioin of Blood: http://www.princeton.edu/~his291/Jpegs/Harvey.JPG

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