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Mars: Second Order Landscapes

Unveil the enigmatic landscapes of Mars, focusing on the intriguing features of the Polar Ice Caps, including asymmetric formations, seasonal variations, and hints of water ice beneath the surface. Dive into the unique geological makeup and atmospheric phenomena shaping these polar realms.

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Mars: Second Order Landscapes

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  1. Geography 441/541 F/19 Dr. Christine M. Rodrigue Mars: Second Order Landscapes C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

  2. C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB Second Order: Syrtis Major "Blue Scorpion"

  3. Mars: Second Order Landscapes • The “Blue Scorpion” of Syrtis Major • AKA Hourglass Sea • First recorded feature • Sketch map by Christiaan Huygens (1659) • Arguably recorded earlier by Francisco Fontana (1636) • Giovanni Schiaparelli showed it in his map of 1888 C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

  4. Mars: Second Order Landscapes • The “Blue Scorpion” of Syrtis Major: æolian feature • Low relief volcanic shield • Hesperian age • Low albedo due to wind • Surface is basalt • Interesting effect downwind of high rim craters: windshadow and dust deposition creates bright streaks C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

  5. Mars: Second Order Landscapes • The “Blue Scorpion” of Syrtis Major: æolian feature • MEX HRSC C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

  6. C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB Second Order: Syrtis Major "Blue Scorpion" • Syrtis (Viking VIS)  • Basalt/wind streaks (VIS) • Early telescopy • (Huygens 1659) 

  7. Mars: Second Order Landscapes • The Polar Ice Caps • North Polar Cap • Water ice cap • Seasonal CO2 veneer • Chasmata: polar cap winds? • But they sprial counterclockwise C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

  8. Mars: Second Order Landscapes • The Polar Ice Caps • North Polar Cap • Water ice cap • Seasonal CO2 veneer • Dust at varying densities in various layers C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

  9. C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB Second Order: North Polar Ice Cap

  10. C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB Second Order: Polar Ice Caps • North Pole (MGO MOC over MOLA) • Residual ice (MEX HRSC)

  11. Mars: Second Order Landscapes • The Polar Ice Caps • North Polar Cap • Layering (HiRISE) • Drainage from beneath C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

  12. C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB Second Order: Polar Ice Caps • Chasma Boreale (MO THEMIS)  • Chasma Boreale (MRO HiRISE)

  13. C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB Second Order: Polar Ice Caps • Crater North Polar Layered Deposit (MRO HiRISE) • Oddly non-circular, very young sediments, glacier

  14. C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB Second Order: South Polar Ice Cap

  15. Mars: Second Order Landscapes • The Polar Ice Caps • South Polar Cap • note asymmetry C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

  16. Mars: Second Order Landscapes • The Polar Ice Caps • South Polar Cap in summer • CO2 • Water ice cap underneath? • Yes, ~ 8m down • Again, chasmata spiral opposite the way katabatic winds would spiral C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

  17. Mars: Second Order Landscapes • The Polar Ice Caps • South Polar Cap in winter • CO2 and H2O frost and ice • can reach to 40°S • Hubble 2001 C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

  18. Mars: Second Order Landscapes • The Polar Ice Caps • South Polar Cap in winter (MGS MOC) • CO2 • Seasonal hood gets to 40°S C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

  19. C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB Second Order: Polar Ice Caps • South Pole (MEX HRSC) • CO2 geysers (Hartmann painting) • "Spiders" (MRO HiRISE)

  20. Mars: Second Order Landscapes • The Polar Ice Caps • Air pressure variations dominated by South Polar Cap (Viking) C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

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