Introduction

1. Introduction • Exponential Networks • Scale-Free Networks • Resilience to Random Failures • Resilience to Planned Attacks • Conclusion

2. Scale free vs. Exponential • Exponential Networks: Number of nodes linked to a node is roughly equal. • Eg. Power Grid Networks in Western US • Scale-Free Networks: • Preferential Connectivity • Continuous Growth • Few nodes with large number of connections; Large number of nodes with few connections • Example: P2P Gnutella Networks, WWW

3. Exponential Networks

4. Scale Free Networks

5. Resilience to Random Failures • Exponential Networks: • Equal node degree implies greater impact on network connectivity for random attacks • Scale-Free Networks: • Very low impact on network connectivity due to random attacks • Probability of selecting low degree node is higher because of power law distribution

6. Resilience in Scale-Free Networks

7. Resilience to Planned Attacks • Scale Free Networks: • Highly vulnerable to planned attacks on high degree nodes • Exponential Networks: • Comparatively stable in the face of planned attacks

8. Conclusion • Scale-free networks such as P2P are highly vulnerable to planned attacks • Proposed solution for planned attacks on Gnutella networks remote discovery protocol • Further research