1 / 39

ARCGIS Desktop

ARCGIS Desktop. John H. Porter. History of ESRI Products. ARC/INFO developed – 1980s* Couples INFO database with graphical tools for display and analysis Data structures Coverages Point Arc/Line Polygon *Dates in this lecture are approximate. Brief History of ESRI Products.

cyrah
Download Presentation

ARCGIS Desktop

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. ARCGIS Desktop John H. Porter

  2. History of ESRI Products • ARC/INFO developed – 1980s* • Couples INFO database with graphical tools for display and analysis • Data structures • Coverages • Point • Arc/Line • Polygon *Dates in this lecture are approximate

  3. Brief History of ESRI Products • ArcView 1.0 – early 1990s • Very limited functionality • Display only • Buggy – crashes often • ARC/INFO continues to be enhanced by adding new commands • ARCTOOLS graphical interface attempts to make things simpler

  4. Brief History of ESRI Products • ARCView versions 2 and 3 – mid to late 1990s • Greatly expanded capabilities • Data editing and analysis • AVENUE programming language allows extensions to be added to ARCVIEW • Data Structures • Shape Files (editable) • Coverages (display only) • Images • Grids (with extensions)

  5. Brief History of ESRI Products • ArcGIS Desktop – 1999- present • Subsumes both ARC/INFO and ArcView • Restricted to Windows NT-family operating system • Arcview is a limited version of ARCGIS Desktop • Data Structures • Shape Files • Geodatabases • Script/Programming Language: Visual Basic

  6. A Brief History of ESRI Products • ArcGIS Workstation • Traditional ARC/INFO • Command-line driven • Includes some functions not available in ArcGIS Desktop • Runs on multiple operating systems

  7. ArcGIS Components • ArcCatalog • Manage data • ArcMap • Create maps • Analysis • ArcToolbox • Stand-alone Analysis and Conversion • ArcScene • 3-D display

  8. ArcCatalog

  9. ARCGIS Components • ARC Catalog

  10. ArcCatalog • Locate Data for use with ARCGIS • What data is available? • Local Disks • Databases • Internet/Online • What are the properties of that data?

  11. ArcCatalog - Preview • Preview Geodata and Tables

  12. Metadata • ArcCatalog will also display or allow editing of simplified Metadata

  13. ArcCatalog • Internet Savy – can connect to online map databases • Easy use of data without having to import it • Also talks to database servers and Geocoding services

  14. ArcMap

  15. ARGIS Components • ARCMAP

  16. ArcMap • ArcMap is designed to help you create publication-quality maps • It extends the display capabilities of ArcView 3 but uses an entirely new interface • Everything is there, but you will need to work to locate it

  17. ArcMap – Display Enhancements • Transparency • You can set layers to be partly transparent so that other layers show through • Projections • Automatically reprojects data to match the map projection (now you can mix and match UTM and Lat-Lon coverages) • But only if the source projection is defined

  18. ArcMap Toolbars • Unlike Arcview which uses extensions to create new “top bar” options, ArcMap uses movable toolbars • You select the toolbars you want from the View menu

  19. Toolbars can be moved or put in separate windows

  20. Tips • Most of the things that affect a single layer such as properties, display attributes or zooming (similar to the AV Theme & Legend menus) are found by hitting the RIGHT mouse button when selecting a layer

  21. Terminological Changes • ArcGIS also introduces (yet another) whole new vocabulary for creation of maps • ArcView “Projects” become ArcGIS “Map Documents” • ArcView “Views” become ArcGIS “Data Frames” • ArcView “Themes” become ArcGIS “Layers”

  22. Layouts • Unlike ArcView there are not separate “views” and “layouts” • You can use the “Data View” and “Layout View” options in the View menu • Layout Views and Data Views have separate zoom controls etc. • Instead there is a single map document that contains one or more data frames each of which can contain one or more layers

  23. Data Structures • As ARC products have evolved, so have their data structures • The initial structure was the COVERAGE • Files are stored in two directories • Coverage name – unique files for the coverage • INFO – files for all the coverages in that workspace/directory • Exchanged using ARC/INFO Exchange Files (.E00)

  24. Coverages • Coverages can be point, line or polygon • A single coverage can have points and lines, or lines and polygons, but never points and polygons • Polygon coverages partition the area into polygons • No overlap allowed between polygons • All areas in the coverage are part of some polygon

  25. Coverages • Coverages are created using the BUILD and CLEAN commands • CLEAN attempts to fix problems in topology, sometimes moving points and lines • BUILD assumes the topology is “clean” and fails if topological problems are encountered • It creates Point, Arc and Polygon attribute tables

  26. Grids • Grids were introduced to allow ARC to deal with RASTER (gridded) data • Each grid cell contains a single number • Like a coverage, files are stored in several directories, so to move a grid it is safest to EXPORT it • Grids have a .VAT or Value Attribute Table that relate codes in the grid to associated attributes

  27. Shapefiles • Next to evolve were Shapefiles • Comprised of 4 files – coverage.shp, .sbn, .sbx and .dbf • The .dbf file contains the attribute data and can be opened with Excel, Access and other database editors that understand the .dbf format

  28. Shapefiles • Polygons in shapefiles CAN overlap • This means that while POLYGON COVERAGES are easily converted to SHAPEFILES, SHAPEFILES are NOT easily converted to POLYGON COVERAGES • Overlaps need to be eliminated • When converted, polygons in the shapefile become REGIONS in the coverage • Regions are a set of polygons sharing certain attributes (e.g., the attributes of the shapefile polygons that generated them)

  29. Geodatabases • “Geodatabase : An object-oriented geographic database that provides services for managing geographic data. These services include validation rules, relationships, and topological associations. A geodatabase contains feature datasets and is hosted inside of a relational database management system.”

  30. Geodatabases • Geodatabases are stored in relational databases • Many large GIS users have large Oracle-based database systems that are used for GIS data using the ESRI Spatial Database Engine for conversion • You can also have “Personal Geodatabases” that are maintained on the local machine

  31. Data Forms • Arc/INFO works with “coverages” (vector) and “grids” (raster) • ArcView prefers to work with “Shapefiles” (but can display coverages) • Spatial Analyst allows work with grids • ArcGIS prefers to work with “Geodatabases” and Shapefiles (but can display and do limited manipulation of coverages)

  32. ArcToolbox

  33. ArcToolbox • The ArcToolbox component of ArcGIS contains sets of stand-alone wizards designed to help you perform specific tasks

  34. ArcToolbox • One of the biggest differences between the “ArcView” version of ArcGIS Desktop and the “Arc/INFO” version of ArcGIS is the variety of analysis tools • The ArcView version has only about 20 tools (mostly conversion & projection) • The “full” version has over 150 tools • Analysis and manipulation

  35. ArcScene

  36. ArcScene – 3 D Data Viewer • ArcScene is a 3-D data viewer that allows you to get different perspectives on three-dimensional landscapes • Tilt and rotate • View from a point

  37. ArcReader Free!

  38. ArcReader • ArcReader is a FREE stand-alone tool designed for DISPLAY and printing of local and web-accessible geodata • It requires that the map to be displayed be “published” to a special PMF file using an ARCGIS extension

More Related