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Solving Crimes using Referent Tracking

This seminar explores the use of referent tracking in solving crimes, with a focus on identifying different types of entities involved. Topics include continuants, occurrents, spatial regions, role functions, and more.

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Solving Crimes using Referent Tracking

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  1. Discovery Seminar UE141 PP– Spring 2009Solving Crimes using Referent Tracking Identifying types of entitiesFebruary 12 - 19, 2009 Werner CEUSTERS Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences Ontology Research Group University at Buffalo, NY, USA

  2. Top-Level Ontology Continuant Occurrent (always dependent on one or more independent continuants) Spatial Region Independent Continuant Dependent Continuant Role Function Quality Propensity Process Temporal Region

  3. Homework of last week • The scenario: on September 9th, 1935, Carl Austin Weiss shot Senator Huey Long in the Louisiana State Capitol with a .35 calibre pistol. Long died from this wound thirty hours later on September 10th. Weiss, on the other hand, received between thirty-two and sixty .44 and .45 calibre hollow point bullets from Long's agitated bodyguards and died immediately. • Task: • Identify in this scenario all entities that are involved; • Indicate for each entity of which type it is (see previous slide). • Due: by next week Tuesday, 10 PM, as usual in ppt-file to my email

  4. Student responses

  5. S7 Five do not denote entities. Which ones ? Sept. 9, 1935, Sept. 10, 1935 Carl Austin Weiss Senator Huey Long Louisiana State Capitol .35 Caliber Pistol Wound .44 and .45 caliber bullets Long’s bodyguards Thirty hours Hollow point Thirty Thirty-two Sixty Agitated Immediately Human Mortality Later Words Killer Victim Shooting Walking Running Died Killing

  6. Numbers used here denote configurations which are not entities. (Topic for later) Expresses a relation (Topic for later) S7 Sept. 9, 1935, Sept. 10, 1935 Carl Austin Weiss Senator Huey Long Louisiana State Capitol .35 Caliber Pistol Wound .44 and .45 caliber bullets Long’s bodyguards Thirty hours Hollow point Thirty Thirty-two Sixty Agitated Immediately Human Mortality Later Words Killer Victim Shooting Walking Running Died Killing

  7. S7 Three terms denote universals that are not denoted in the text. Which ones ? Sept. 9, 1935, Sept. 10, 1935 Carl Austin Weiss Senator Huey Long Louisiana State Capitol .35 Caliber Pistol Wound .44 and .45 caliber bullets Long’s bodyguards Thirty hours Hollow point Thirty Thirty-two Sixty Agitated Immediately Human Mortality Later Words Killer Victim Shooting Walking Running Died Killing

  8. Words are used to describe the scenario, but are not part of the scenario, • There might have been shouting, but that is not described. • There might have been walking and running, but that is not described. S7 Sept. 9, 1935, Sept. 10, 1935 Carl Austin Weiss Senator Huey Long Louisiana State Capitol .35 Caliber Pistol Wound .44 and .45 caliber bullets Long’s bodyguards Thirty hours Hollow point Thirty Thirty-two Sixty Agitated Immediately Human Mortality Later Words Killer Victim Shooting Walking Running Died Killing

  9. S7 Five terms denote universals or particulars that are not directly denoted in the text but must exist for the scenario to be true. Which ones ? Sept. 9, 1935, Sept. 10, 1935 Carl Austin Weiss Senator Huey Long Louisiana State Capitol .35 Caliber Pistol Wound .44 and .45 caliber bullets Long’s bodyguards Thirty hours Hollow point Thirty Thirty-two Sixty Agitated Immediately Human Mortality Later Words Killer Victim Shooting Walking Running Died Killing

  10. S7 Thirty-two Sixty Agitated Immediately Human Mortality Later Words Killer Victim Shooting Walking Running Died Killing Sept. 9, 1935, Sept. 10, 1935 Carl Austin Weiss Senator Huey Long Louisiana State Capitol .35 Caliber Pistol Wound .44 and .45 caliber bullets Long’s bodyguards Thirty hours Hollow point Thirty

  11. Independent Continuants: S7 • Carl Austin Weiss • Senator Huey Long • Louisiana State Capitol • .35 Caliber Pistol • .44 and .45 caliber bullets • Long’s bodyguards • Thirty, Thirty-two, Sixty • Human Two bullet points are inappropriate. Which ones ?

  12. Independent Continuants: S7 • Carl Austin Weiss • Senator Huey Long • Louisiana State Capitol • .35 Caliber Pistol • .44 and .45 caliber bullets • Long’s bodyguards • Thirty, Thirty-two, Sixty • Human Do not denote independent continuants

  13. Independent Continuants: S7 • Carl Austin Weiss • Senator Huey Long • Louisiana State Capitol • .35 Caliber Pistol • .44 and .45 caliber bullets • Long’s bodyguards • Thirty, Thirty-two, Sixty • Human The instances of the universal human are independent continuants, but not the universal itself.

  14. Dependent Continuants: S7 • Killer – depends on Weiss’ decision to kill • Victim – depends on Weiss’ choice of person to kill (Huey Long) • Words – depend on the event which they attempt to adequately express • Wound – depends on whether or not Weiss’ decided to shoot Long • Hollow Point – depends on shape and proximity of shots and bullets • Mortality Problems with five bullet points. What problems?

  15. Dependent Continuants – Roles: S7 • Senator – Huey Long was elected to this office • Bodyguards – men protecting Long • Killer depends on Weiss’ choice to kill • Victim (Long) labels the person killed by the killer (Weiss)

  16. Dependent Continuants – Functions: S7 • Bodyguards – Function is to protect

  17. Dependent Continuants - Qualities: S7 • Hollow Point

  18. Dependent Continuants – Propensities: • Mortality (ability to die or be killed) S7

  19. Occurrents: S7 • Shooting • Walking • Running • Died • Killing • Time and Date – exist only based on time which exists only at the point at which it is observed • Sept. 9, 1935, Sept. 10, 1935 • Thirty hours • Immediately • Agitated • Immediately • Later

  20. Occurrents – Processes: S7 • Shooting • Walking • Running • Killing • Died

  21. S14 • September 9th 1935- Occurrent- Process • Carl Austin Weiss- Continuant- Independent • Shot- Occurrent- Process • Senator- Continuant- Dependent- Role • Huey Long- Continuant- Independent • Louisiana State Capitol- Continuant- Spatial region • .35 Calibre pistol- Continuant- Independent • Thirty hours- Occurrent- Process • September 10th- Occurrent- Process • Hollow-Continuant- Dependent- Qualities • .44/.45 Calibre Bullets-Continuant- Independent • Bodyguards- Continuant- Independent • Died-Occurrent- Dependent- Propensities • Immediately- Occurrent- Process

  22. S3 Carl Austin Weiss-Independent continuant Senator Huey Long-Independent continuant .35 caliber pistol-Independent continuant 32-60 bullets-Independent continuant Bodyguards-Independent continuant Wound-process Shot-dependent continuant-function Receive-dependent continuant function

  23. S9

  24. S6 • Shooting- This is an Occurent, process • Carl Austin Weiss- Independent continuant • Senator Huey Long- Independent Continuant • Long’s death- Occurent, process • .35 calibre pistol- Dependent Continuant , Function • Long’s wound- Dependent Continuant, role • .44 & .45 calibre hallow points- Dependent continuant , Function • Long’s agitated body guards- Independent continuants

  25. September 9th, 1935 – occurrent – temporal region Carl Austin Weiss – continuant – independent continuant Shot – occurrant – process Senator Huey Long – continuant – independent continuant Louisiana state capitol – continuant – spatial region .35 calibre – continuant – dependent continuant - quality Pistol – continuant – independent continuant Died – occurant – process Wound – continuant – independent continuant Thirty hours later on september 10th – occurrent – temporal region Between 32 and 66 – continuant – dependent continuant - quality .44 and .44 calibre – continuant – dependent continuant - quality Hollow point bullets – continuant – independent continuant Long’s – continuant – dependent continuant – role Agitated – continuant – dependent continuant – propensity Body guards – continuant – independent continuant Died – occurrent – process Immediately – occurrent – temporal region S1

  26. S8 Entities- • Carl Austin Weiss, Continuant,(Independent) • Senator Huey Long, Continuant, (Independent) • Louisiana State Capitol, Continuant, (Spatial Region) • .35 Calibre Pistol, Continuant, (Dependent, Function) • Died, Continuant, (Quality) • Wound, Continuant, (Dependent, Quality) • Thirty-two, Continuant, (Dependent, Function) • Sixty, Continuant, (Dependent, Function) • .44, Continuant, (Dependent, Function) • .55, Continuant, (Dependent, Function) • Calibre hollow point bullets, Continuant, (Dependent, Function) • Bodyguards, Continuant, (Independent) • Died, Continuant, (Quality)

  27. Continuants S5 Each person in the scene is a continuant. Wiess, Long, and the body guards are all continuants because they each have a continuous existence in time. They are people and they each preserve their identity through change.

  28. Occurrents S5 Occurrents are processes that unfold themselves in time. The killing of Senator Huey Long is an occurrent because the process existed only during its phase. Also, although each person was a continuant, their life was an occurrent because it only existed during its phase.

  29. Independent Continuants S5 The independent continuant would be Senator Huey Long. No killing can take place without a victim so in this situation Senator Huey Long is the victim (the independent continuant) and the dependent entity is the killing. The dependent entity needs the independent continuant in order to take place.

  30. Independent/Dependent S5 Another independent continuant would be the bullet itself. The dependent continuant could be the shape or color of the bullet that was shot at Senator Huey Long.

  31. Particulars S5 Particulars are specific and Universals are something that all belong to. A universal among these people would be that they were all involved in this crime scene. Their particulars would all be different from one another.

  32. S2 Carl Austin Weiss= dependent occurant because he committed the shooting ofLong. Senator Huey Long= is also a independent continuant because he got stabbed. .35 Calibore Pistol= dependent continuant because it made the act of shooting the senator. (it shot him) but not by itself. Bullets= SEE .35 CALIBORE PISTOL. Longs body guard= independent continuants= because he was the victim of the shooting.

  33. S12 Continuants Occurrents • Spatial • Thirty hours later • Thirty two • Sixty • Independent • September 9th, 1935 • Carl Austin Weiss • Senator Huey Long • Louisiana State Capitol • .35 point calibre pistol • September 10th • .44 and .45 calibre hollow point bullets • Body guards Dependent • Process • Shot-dependent on an agent shooting • Died • Received • Died • Temporal • Immediately • Function • Wound • Agitated

  34. Terms denoting entities • On September 9th, 1935, Carl Austin Weiss shot Senator Huey Long in the Louisiana State Capitol with a .35 calibre pistol. Long died from this wound thirty hours later on September 10th. Weiss, on the other hand, received between thirty-two and sixty .44 and .45 calibre hollow point bullets from Long's agitated bodyguards and died immediately.

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