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Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

21. Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes. Warts. Papillomaviruses Treatment Removal – by freezing, burning, or drying Imiquimod (stimulates interferon production) Interferon. Poxviruses. Smallpox (variola) Smallpox virus (orthopox virus) First artificially immunization Monkeypox

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Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

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  1. 21 Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

  2. Warts • Papillomaviruses • Treatment • Removal – by freezing, burning, or drying • Imiquimod (stimulates interferon production) • Interferon

  3. Poxviruses • Smallpox (variola) • Smallpox virus (orthopox virus) • First artificially immunization • Monkeypox • Prevention by smallpox vaccination Figure 21.9

  4. Herpesviruses • Chickenpox • Varicella-zoster virus (human herpes virus 3) • Transmitted by the respiratory route • Virus may remain latent in dorsal root ganglia Figure 21.10a

  5. Shingles • Reactivation of latent HHV-3 releases viruses that move along peripheral nerves to skin. Figure 21.10b

  6. Herpes Simplex 1 and Herpes Simplex 2 • Human herpes virus 1 and HHV-2 • Cold sores or fever blisters (vesicles on lips) HHV-1 • Herpes gladiatorum • Herpes whitlow • Herpes encephalitis (HHV-2 has up to a 70% fatality rate) • HHV-1 can remain latent in trigeminal nerve ganglia. • HHV-2 can remain latent in sacral nerve ganglia.

  7. Figure 21.11

  8. Figure 21.12

  9. Measles (Rubeola) • Measles virus • respiratory route • Macular rash • Prevented by vaccination. • MMR • (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) Figure 21.14

  10. Measles (Rubeola) Figure 21.13

  11. Rubella (German Measles) • Rubella virus • Macular rash and fever • Congenital rubella syndrome causes severe fetal damage. • Prevented by vaccination Figure 21.15

  12. Cutaneous Mycoses • Dermatomycoses: Tineas or ringworm • Metabolize keratin • Treatment • Oral griseofulvin • Topical miconazole and clotrimazole

  13. Candidiasis • Candida albicans (yeast) • Candidiasis may result from suppression of competing bacteria by antibiotics. • Occurs • Skin, mucous membranes, and mouth • Thrush

  14. Candidiasis Figure 21.17

  15. Scabies • Sarcoptes scabieiburrows in the skin to lay eggs • Treatment with topical insecticides Figure 21.18

  16. Pediculosis • Pediculus humanus capitis(head louse) • P. h. corporis(body louse) • Feed on blood. • Lay eggs (nits) on hair. • Treatment with topical insecticides. Figure 21.19

  17. Bacterial Diseases of the Eye • Conjunctivitis (pinkeye) • Haemophilus influenzae • Various microbes • Associated with unsanitary contact lenses

  18. Bacterial Diseases of the Eye • Chlamydia trachomatis • Trachoma • Leading cause of blindness worldwide • Infection causes permanent scarring; scars abrade the cornea leading to blindness

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