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The Earth

The Earth. Warm Up. Convert the height of 70 inches to cm. You know that 1 cm = 2.54 cm. What is some interesting fact you know about the Earth’s surface or interior?. Layers of the Earth. Main Earth Layers Lithosphere (crust + mostly solid part of mantle) Crust Mantle Outer core

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The Earth

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  1. The Earth

  2. Warm Up Convert the height of 70 inches to cm. You know that 1 cm = 2.54 cm. What is some interesting fact you know about the Earth’s surface or interior?

  3. Layers of the Earth Main Earth Layers Lithosphere (crust + mostly solid part of mantle) Crust Mantle Outer core Inner core 0-35 km – 0.20 cm 35-2890 km – 18.3 cm 2890-3160 km - 1.73 cm 3160 km-3954 km – 5.1 cm • Draw your own scale model on a fresh sheet of paper • Both color and label the 5 main layers (lithosphere too) • Lithosphere varies between 5 and 200 km in depth.

  4. Layers of the Earth Main Earth Layers Lithosphere (crust + mostly solid part of mantle) Crust – Silica rich Mantle – high in Fe and Mg Known from Eruption samples Outer core Inner core • Earth layers are warmer and warmer with depth. • Can we use this for anything? • Why is the inner core solid (hotter) while the outer core • (cooler) is liquid? • - Why is the interior still warm? (Geigervideo)

  5. How do we know the Earth’s Interior Structure? Video

  6. Plate Tectonics

  7. Plate Tectonics • Cracked sections of the lithosphere (solidish part of mantle + crust) • Plates move at a very slow rate – 2.5 cm/yr • How do we know they move and how do we measure this speed? • Similar scattered fossils tell us many of the plates must have been touching at one point 200 million years ago – Pangea. • This estimates on average speed is 4.7 cm / yr • Magnetic alignment of iron in new crust. • Motion of crust over hot spots in magma.

  8. Evidence for Plate Tectonics

  9. Motion of Plates • Video demonstrating the motion. • Convergent Boundary – Examples? • Divergent Boundary -----------> • Transform Fault Boundary

  10. Important Notes on Boundaries • Convergent Boundaries • Subduction – One plate sinks below another as they collide, destroying old lithosphere. • Generates mountains, volcanoes, and ocean trenches. • Can happen by oceanic plate colliding with continental (Andes mountains) or two continental plates (Himalayas) • Divergent Boundaries • Plates spread apart (diverge) exposing the mantle. • Generates a rift valley from where magma creates new lithosphere. • This process created the Atlantic Ocean with the Mid-Atlantic Ridge being halfway between Africa and North America. • Transform Fault Boundaries • When two plates slide passed each other, forming a fault line. • Very common area to have earth quakes – slipping plates.

  11. Plate Tectonic Lab Activity • Groups of 2 • Gather Materials (one person only) • Answer questions individually.

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