Quiz

2. Quiz

3. Political Cartoon Components - Prior knowledge - Date - Location where published - Symbolism

10. Political Cartoon Components - Consider the following as you interpret cartoons: - Prior knowledge - Date - Location where published - Symbolism -Complete an analysis for as many cartoons as possible: - Write an interpretation - Label examples of symbolism

11. Redemption, 1874-1877 • The Republican election victory in 1872 demonstrated the need for Southern Democrats to turn out larger numbers of white voters. • They accomplished this through VIOLENCE while most Americans paid little attention, distracted by other issues. • By the election of 1876, Southern Democrats had triumphed by winning local, state and national elections calling it “Redemption” • How was this new wave of violence different from earlier ones? • Attackers operated more openly and identified themselves more closely with the Democratic Party. • Ex-Confederate soldiers attended rallies. • A military group called the White League organized the overthrow of government in New Orleans in 1874.

12. Redemption, 1874-1877 • Weak Federal Response to this Violence • President Grant refused to help Governor Chamberlain of South Carolina. • Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1875 • Prohibited discrimination against Blacks in public places. • However, it had NO provision protecting voting rights, AND courts ruled that individuals had to bring suit in court to enforce it. • In 1883, the Supreme Court overturned the act, ruling that only states could enforce it, NOT the federal government! • The End of Reconstruction!

13. Redemption, 1874-1877 • The End of Reconstruction! • Election of 1876 between Democrat Samuel Tilden and Republican Rutherford B. Hayes was disputed. • While Tilden won the popular vote, disputed vote counting in Florida, South Carolina and Louisiana left him short of the electoral vote needed to win. • The “Compromise of 1877” resolved this: • Congress decided the issue by allowing Hayes to become president in exchange for the removal of all federal troops from the South. • This signaled the end of equal rights for Blacks in the south since Southern Democratic governments would likely return to power in southern states.

14. Sammy Tilden—Boo-Hoo! Ruthy Hayes’s got my Presidency, and he won’t give it to me!

15. Redemption, 1874-1877 • The End of Reconstruction! • Southern states kept the memory of so-called “horrors” of Reconstruction alive whenever they felt their power threatened. • Textbooks, movies and other accounts all described it in negative ways. • The Truth? • Black authors such as John Lynch’s “Facts of Reconstruction” and W.E.B. DuBois’ “Black Reconstruction” tried to set the record straight, but were ignored.

16. The Failure of Reconstruction • Economically • Sharecropping became the • new labor system in the South: • Landlords provided a • house, land, seed and • credit in exchange for half • their crop. • The other half was used to pay back the loan and live.

17. The Failure of Reconstruction • Politically • Supreme Court cases seriously • weakened the legal protection • and equality guaranteed by the • 14th and 15the Amendments: • Slaughterhouse Case 1873 • Court ruled that citizenship • rights were under STATE • authority and not federal. • Cruikshank Case 1876 • Court overturned the con- • victions in the Colfax, LA • Massacres ruling that the • Enforcement Acts did not • cover acts by individuals, • only by states.