LIFE OF MUHAMMAD ( pbuh ):

1. LIFE OF MUHAMMAD (pbuh):

2. Introduction: • “Indeed, in the messenger of Allah, you have for you, the best example.” (33 : 21) • “We sent you (Muhammad) not but as a blessing for the universe”. (21 : 107) • “He it is who has sent His messenger with the guidance and the religion of truth, that He may make it conqueror of all religion, however much idolators may be averse.” (16 : 9)

3. Life of Muhammad (pbuh) is the best example (Uswatun-Hasanah) for us to follow. • He has shown us how to obey Allah, the lord of the Universe. • Allah says in Quran : “say (O Muhammad), if you love Allah, follow me; Allah will love you and forgive your sins, Allah is forgiving and Merciful.” (3 : 31)

4. Muhammad’s (pbuh) duty, according to the Quran, was to make Islam supreme over all other systems of life. • “It is He who sent His Messenger with guidance and the religion of truth to manifest it over all religion, although those who associate others with Allah dislike it.” (61 : 9) • “It is He who sent His Messenger with guidance and the religion of truth to menfest it over all religion. And sufficient is Allah as Witness.” (48 : 28)

5. Say, “My Lord has only forbidden immoralities – what is apparent of them and what is concealed – and sin, and oppression without right, and that you associate with Allah that for which He has not sent authority, and that you say about Allah that which you do not know.” (7 : 33)

6. Say, “ I am only a man like you, to whom has been revealed that your god is one God. SO whoever would hope for the meeting with his Lord – let him do righteous work and not associate in the worship of his lord anyone.”

7. Birth and Childhood: • Muhammad (pbuh) was born into the nobel tribe of the Quraish in Makkah. Arabia, in 571 CE. • His father, Abdullah, died before his birh and Aminah (RA), his mother, died when he was only six. • After the death of his mother ,his grandfather, Abdul Muttlib, looked after him. From early childhood. • His grandfather died when he was only eight years old, so Muhammad was then looked after by his uncle, Abu Talib, a leader of the Quraish.

8. He was named by his grandfather. Someone asked Hazrat Abdul Mutalib about the name he said: “I have named him Muhammad so that his name may be praised on the earth and in the heavens.” • Muhammad means praiseworthy.

9. A Business Trip to Syria: • Muhammad (pbuh) at the age of twelve went on business trip to Syria with his uncle Abu Talib. • When their caravan reached Busra in Syria, a Christian priest called Bahira invited them to a dinner. • Bahira knew that the boy Muhammad (pbuh) was going to be a prophet in the future.He advised Abu Talib to take special care of his nephew.

10. Teenager and the Battle of Fujjar: • When Muhammad (pbuh) was fifteen, a local war broke out during the Hajj season between the tribes of Quraish and Hawazian. • Upon the initiative of Az-Zubair, Muhammad’s (pbuh) uncle, a meeting was called at the house of Abdullah Ibn Judan, who was an influential and wealthy person

11. Hilf-ul-Fudul (alliance for charity): • Formed at the meeting to help oppressed, the poor and the needy. • Muhammad (pbuh) took following oath: “I uphold the pact concluded in my presence when Ibn Judan gave us a great banquet. Should it ever be invoked, I shall immediately rise to answer the call.” • The participation of Muhammad pbuh in Hilf-ul-Fudul is a proof of his concern and interest in welfare activites, even in his youth.

12. Young Shepherd: • Muhammad pbuh was very proud of having spent his boyhood as a shepherd. • He used to say,”Allah sent no prophet who was not a shepherd. Musa (Moses) was a shepherd , Dawud (David) was also a shepherd.”

13. Marriage: • Muhammad (pbuh) received an offer from a noble lady named Khadijah to look after her business affairs. • Muhammad (pbuh) accepted the offer and set out for Syria, accompanied by another of her employees called Maysarah. • Muhammad (pbuh) was protected from the heat of the sun by clouds during the trip.

14. Khadijah (RA) the daughter of khuwailid, was a determined, intelligent and noble woman. • She was deeply impressed by the ability, character and performance of Muhammad (pbuh). • Decided to send the proposal of marriage to Muhammad (pbuh). • He was twenty five years of age when he married. Khadijah (RA) was forty and a widow.

15. Physical Features: • Handsome man of medium build. • Neither very tall nor short. • Large head, thick black hair. • A wide forehead, heavy eye-brows and large eyes with long eye lashes. • Fine nose., well placed teeth, a thick beard, a long hand some neck and wide chest and shoulders. • Skin was light coloured and had thick palms and feet. • His eyes gave the feeling of the authority of a commander.

16. Rebuilding Al-Kabah: • The Kahbah needed repair after a sudden flood. • The task was divided among the four tribes of the Quraish. • Muhammad pbuh took active part in the work. • The rebuilding progressed and the walls were raised until it was time to place the Black Stone Al-hajarul’Aswad on the east wall of the Kabah.

17. Placing of Holy Stone: • Who should have the honour of placing this Holy stone in its place. • The situation was tense and there was almost possibiltiy of civil war over the issue. • Abu Ummayyah said “let the first man to enter the gate of the mosque next morning decide the matter in dispute among us.”

18. What a pleasant surprise! The first man to enter the mosque was Muhammad (pbuh) ! All the people shouted in a chorus, “This is the trust worthy one (Al-Amin), this is Muhammad (pbuh).”

19. Search for the Truth: • Muhammad (pbuh) used to retreat in seclusion and solitude to a cave, in mount Nur very often. • Muhammad pbuh got quite fed upwith existing social and political systems. • In the month of Ramadan Allah, the lord of the universe, favoured Muhammad (pbuh) with his blessings – the first revelation of Quran.

20. إِنَّا أَنزَلْنَاهُ فِي لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْر • ہم نے اس قرآن کو شب قدر میں نازل کرنا شروع کیا۔ • وَمَا أَدْرَاكَ مَا لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْر • اور تمہیں کیا معلوم کہ شب قدر کیا ہے؟ • لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ خَيْرٌ مِّنْ أَلْفِ شَهْر • شب قدر ہزار مہینے سے بہتر ہے۔ • تَنَزَّلُ الْمَلاَئِكَةُ وَالرُّوحُ فِيهَا بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِم مِّن كُلِّ أَمْر • اس میں فرشتے اور روح القدس ہر کام کے انتظام کے لئے اپنے پروردگار کے حکم سے اترتے ہیں۔ • سَلاَمٌ هِيَ حَتَّى مَطْلَعِ الْفَجْر • یہ رات طلوع فجر تک امن و سلامتی ہے۔

21. Receiving the Truth: • Muhammad (pbuh) had reached the age of forty when, one night while meditating in his mountain retreat in Hira during Ramadan, an angel appeared before him. • “Read!” said the angel. • “I am not a reader.” replied Muhammad (pbuh)

22. اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَق • اے نبی ﷺ اپنے پروردگار کا نام لے کر پڑھو جس نے تمام کائنات کو پیدا کیا۔ • خَلَقَ الإِنسَانَ مِنْ عَلَق • جس نے انسان کو خون کی پھٹکی سے بنایا۔ • اقْرَأْ وَرَبُّكَ الأَكْرَم • پڑھو اور تمہارا پروردگار بڑا کریم ہے۔ • الَّذِي عَلَّمَ بِالْقَلَم • جس نے قلم کے ذریعے سے علم سکھایا۔ • عَلَّمَ الإِنسَانَ مَا لَمْ يَعْلَم • اور انسان کو وہ باتیں سکھائیں جن کا اسکو علم نہ تھا۔

23. First revealed verses of the Quran: • “Read in the name of your Lord who created. Created man from a clot of blood. Read, your Lord is most Generous. Who taught by the pen. Taught man what he did not know.” (96:1-5)

24. Muhammad (pbuh) rushed home in panic and sat close to Khadijah (RA) .Muhammad (pbuh) told her all that happen. • “Rejoice, O son of my uncle, and be of good heart. Surely by him in whose hand is Khadijah’s soul, I have hope that you will be the prophet of his people. You have never done any wrong to anyone. You are kind to others and you help the poor. So Allah will not let you down.”

25. Warqah Bin Nawfal: • Khadijah took Muhammad (pbuh) to her cousin Warqah Bin Nawfal, who was a christian. • He said,” this is the same one who keeps the secrets (angel Jibrail) whom Allah had sent to Moses. I wish I were young and could live up to the time when your people would turn you out.”

26. Second Revelation: • يَا أَيُّهَا الْمُدَّثِّر • قُمْ فَأَنذِر ●اٹھو اب خبردار کرنے لگو۔ • وَرَبَّكَ فَكَبِّر ● اور اپنے پروردگار کی بڑائی بیان کرو۔ • وَثِيَابَكَ فَطَهِّر ●اور اپنے کپڑے پاک رکھو۔ • وَالرُّجْزَ فَاهْجُر ●اور شرک کی گندگی سے تو الگ ہی رہو۔ • “O you who lie wrapped in your mantle, arise and warn! Glorify your Lord. Purify yourself. Give up uncleanliness.”

27. Islamic Movement begins: • The revelation marked the beginning of Muhammad’s (pbuh) role as a messenger of Allah. • First- Khadijah (RA), Muhammad’s pbuh wife, accept Islam: second – Ali (RA), his cousin: third – Zaid (RA), his household servent. Outside the household, it was Abu Bakr (RA)

28. Islamic Movement becomes public: • Three years after the revelation, Allah commanded the Prophet. • فَاصْدَعْ بِمَا تُؤْمَرُ وَأَعْرِضْ عَنِ الْمُشْرِكِين پس جو حکم تم کو اللہ کی طرف سے ملا ہے وہ لوگوں کو بے دھڑک سنا دو اور مشرکوں کا ذرا خیال نہ کرو۔ • إِنَّا كَفَيْنَاكَ الْمُسْتَهْزِئِين ہم تمہیں ان لوگوں کے شر سے بچانے کے لئے کافی ہیں جو تم سے ہنسی کرتے ہیں۔ • الَّذِينَ يَجْعَلُونَ مَعَ اللّهِ إِلـهًا آخَرَ فَسَوْفَ يَعْمَلُون جو اللہ کے ساتھ کوئی اور معبود قرار دیتے ہیں سو عنقریب انکو ان • باتوں کا انجام معلوم ہو جائے گا۔

29. “Proclaim what you have been ordered and turn away from the polytheists.” (15:94) • وَقُلْ إِنِّي أَنَا النَّذِيرُ الْمُبِين • اور کہدو کہ میں تو علانیہ ڈر سنانے والا ہوں۔

30. Muhammad (PBUH) entered the house of Al-Arqam (one of the first Muslims). This house was situated near Kaaba and many pilgrims passed near it. For next 4 years. Muhammad (PBUH) preached from the House of Al-Arqam. This house is also called the House of Islam. During this period, as many as 200 hundred people were converted. • During first 3 years of preaching, there was no opposition from the Quraish because preaching was in secret.

31. The Prophet on Mount Safa: • Muhammad pbuh climbed on the top of As-Safa and shouted to the people. • “O men of Quraish, if I were to tell you that I see an army ready to attack on the other side of the mountain, would you believe me?” • They answered , “Yes, why not? We trust you and never found you telling a lie.”

32. Muhammad (pbuh) said,” know then, that I am warner and that I warn you of serve punishment. O Banu Abdul Muttalib! O Banu Abd Manaf! O Banu Zuhrah! O Banu Taim! O Banu Makhzum! O Banu Asad! Allah has commanded me to warm you, my nearest kinsmen, that I can assure you of good on this earth and in heaven if you declare that there is no god but Allah.”

33. Abu Lahab: • He said ,“Damn you! Did you assemble us for this?” • Allah revealed, “ May the hands of Abu Lahab perish; doomed he is. His wealth and his properties shall nat save him. He shall be thrown into a flaming fire of hell.”

34. Hostility begins: • Quraish asked Abu Talib to with draw his support from Muhammad (pbuh ) • Utbah Bin Rabiah (a leader of quraish) suggested, • "If what you want is money, we will gather for you our property, so the you may be the richest of us; if you want honour, we will make you our chief, so that no-one can decide anything apart from you; if you want sovereignty, we will make you king.”

35. Muhammad pbuh said , • “ O my uncle, by Allah, if they put the sun in right hand and the moon in my left, and ask me to give up my mission, I shall not do it until Allah has made it victorious or I perish therein!” • Abu Talib said “Go and say what you please for, by Allah, I shall never withdraw my support from you.”

36. OPPOSITION FROM THE QURAISH • Main enemies of Islam were Abu Jahl, Abu Lahab and his wife, Abu Sufyan, Walid bin Mughaira and Atba bin Rabi. Ummya bin khalaf • Religious Causes: • Quraish respected their ancestors and were ready to die for them and their beliefs. Thus, they did not want to leave the 360 idols that their ancestors had worshipped. When Muhammad (PBUH)told them that their ancestors were in grave trouble because of polygamy and idol-worship, the Quraish grew violent.

37. Moral Causes: • Islam and the Quraish's moral values were totally different and opposite. • Islam preached modesty, while the Quraish were used to lavishness, • Islam promulgated equality of men and women, while the Quraish treated their women like chattels, • Islam enjoined loyalty to one faith, while the Quraish wanted loyalty only to the clan or tribe.

38. Social Causes: • The class conscious, rich Quraish could not reconcile with the slogan of equality of all humans raised by Muhammad (PBUH). • If Islam ruled, the high and the low, the master and the slave, the rich and the poor, the black and the white, all would be on equal footing.

39. Political Causes: • After Hazrat Abdul Muttlib, BanuMakhzum tried to rule with the help of BanuUmayya. Islam warned a capable and competent man to rule the kingdom, not a tribe. • If Islam was allowed to expand, the present Makkan rulers would no doubt have to relinquishtheir rule. They had an intense fear of power shifting from their hands into the hands of the Muslims. That is why the ruling tribes were the most hostile towards Islam. • In ancient times, politics and wealth went hand in hand. • • The leading families feared that loss of political power would mean loss of wealth.

40. Economic Causes: • • By talking about social justice and equality, Muhammad (PBUH) struck at the roots of their evil methods of big business, high finance and monopolistic economy and other facets of the capitalistic/mercantile practices. • It is because of this that to the new rich and the privileged class, He appeared as a lunatic, a revolutionary, a disrupter of law and a magician.

41. The persecutions: • • The first and most to suffer at the hands of the Quraish were the converted slaves. • They were beaten, roasted on hot desert sand, laid on their backs on burning coals, beaten, tortured and kept enclosed for days in dark, small rooms. Some were even butchered in cold blood. • Bilal was made to lie on his back in chains on the scorching desert sands by his master. • Yasir and Sumiya were tortured to death while their son Ammar treated with utmost cruelty. • Khabbab was treated with cruelty and barbarity.

42. As regards their own clansmen and kinsmen, their persecutors were milder but more organized. Each Quraishite family was responsible for punishing its men and women. Usman bin Affan and Zubair bin al-Awwam were tortured by their uncles while Saadibn al-Waqqas was tortured by his relatives. • Muhammad (PBUH) was tortured psychologically and physically: • People who had called him "the truthful" and "the trustworthy" tried to defame his character by openly calling him a liar. • Men and women threw rubbish on him as he was walking on the street and strew his path with thorns. • Once, when Muhammad (PBUH) was praying in the Kaaba, a wicked Quraishite threw a camel's innards on him..

43. إِنَّهُ لَقَوْلُ رَسُولٍ كَرِيم● وَمَا هُوَ بِقَوْلِ شَاعِرٍ قَلِيلاً مَا تُؤْمِنُون● وَلاَ بِقَوْلِ كَاهِنٍ قَلِيلاً مَا تَذَكَّرُون● تَنزِيلٌ مِّن رَّبِّ الْعَالَمِين● کہ یہ قرآن ایک معزز فرشتے کا پہنچایا ہوا کلام ہے۔ اور یہ کسی شاعر کا کلام نہیں۔ مگر تم لوگ بہت ہی کم ایمان لاتے ہو۔ اور نہ کسی کاہن کا قول ہے۔ لیکن تم لوگ بہت ہی کم غوروفکر کرتے ہو۔ یہ رب العالمین کا اتارا ہوا ہے۔