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UNIT 3 Chapter 16 – People and Empires in the Americas

UNIT 3 Chapter 16 – People and Empires in the Americas. EARLY AMERICAN EMPIRES. CHAPTER 16: People and Empires in the Americas, 500–1500 Societies in the Americas range from small tribal bands to the vast empires of the Maya, the Aztecs, and the Inca. Maya Kings and Cities. SECTION 2.

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UNIT 3 Chapter 16 – People and Empires in the Americas

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  1. UNIT 3Chapter 16 – People and Empires in the Americas EARLY AMERICAN EMPIRES

  2. CHAPTER 16: People and Empires in the Americas, 500–1500 Societies in the Americas range from small tribal bands to the vast empires of the Maya, the Aztecs, and the Inca. Maya Kings and Cities SECTION 2 The Aztecs Control Central Mexico SECTION 3 The Inca Create a Mountain Empire SECTION 4

  3. CORE OBJECTIVE: Describe the impact and influence of early American civilizations upon the rest of the world. • Objective 3.5: Describe Aztec society, religion, and urban planning • THEME: Culture in the America’s is very different from the European societies we have studied. However, the Maya – Aztec – Incan societies will build wealthy agricultural empires which included achievements in mathematics, calendars, trade, and religious structures.

  4. THE AZTECS CONTROL CENTRAL MEXICO CHAPTER 16 SECTION 3 Through alliances and conquest, the Aztecs create a powerful empire in Mexico.

  5. MESO-AMERICA

  6. WRITE THIS DOWN! The toltecs • About 900, warlike Toltecsrise to power • rule for about 300 years, built enormous temples • A warlike people, they rule by conquest • They worship fierce war god and offer human sacrifices • Toltec ruler Topiltzin tries to change religion, end human sacrifice • Ruler Topiltzin encourages worship of Quetzalcoatl— “Feathered Serpent” — a new peaceful god

  7. Quetzalcoatl • Topiltzin is exiled to Yucatán Peninsula; by early 1200s, Toltec rule ends • Quetzacoatl becomes legend of the Mexican Valley • According to legend he traveled east on a raft of snakes • Legend told that one day he would return bringing a new reign of peace

  8. WRITE THIS DOWN! The aztecs • Arrival of the Aztecs • Aztecs (or Mexica) arrive around 1200, begin working as soldiers • They were poor, nomadic people from harsh deserts • By own legend, a god (Huitzilopochtli) leads them to found city of Tenochtitlán on the island in the center of Lake Texcoco • Aztecs Grow Stronger • Triple Alliance —1428 agreement of Aztec and two other city-states increases power (w/ Texcoco & Tlacopan) • By early 1500s, Aztecs have large empire and rule 5–15 million people • They build a capital city called Tenochtitlan • They demand tribute (taxes) from conquered peoples • Gold, Maize, Cotton, Jade

  9. WRITE THIS DOWN! Tenochtitlán: A Planned City • The city was planned in great detail on an island • Causeways (bridges) connect island city to mainland areas • Canals enable people to carry goods to city and its huge main market • Contained 400,000 people – the largest city in the world • Chinampas, floating islands, used to grow crops • Central area has palaces, temples, government buildings

  10. chinampas

  11. The great temple • The giant pyramid had 2 temples at the top • One dedicated to sun god • The other dedicated to the rain god

  12. WRITE THIS DOWN! AZTEC RELIGION • Polytheistic • Religion includes 1,000 gods, many adopted from other peoples • Religious Practices • Center of religion is public ceremonies to win gods’ favor • Many religious festivals throughout year • Human Sacrifice • Most important rituals are for sun god, Huitzilopochtli • He needs human sacrifices (war captives) to be strong

  13. Quetzalcoatl?

  14. WRITE THIS DOWN! Montezuma • In 1502, Montezuma II becomes emperor; he calls for more tribute • These sacrifices lead to revolt in outlying areas • Emperor tries to make life easier, but Aztecs worry about future • Soon after, Spanish arrive and conquer Aztecs • Conquered by Hernan Cortes CORTES https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I0xm3aiPU-w

  15. THE AZTEC — Assessment • Which one of these statements is NOT true about the Toltecs • They built pyramids and temples • They entered into the Triple Alliance • There were an extremely warlike people • They dominated central Mexico before the Aztec did • Which fact about Quetzalcoatl is NOT true • He was a violent god that demanded sacrifice • He was depicted as a feathered serpent • He was a god of the Toltec and the Aztec, among others • His followers believed that his return would result in a golden age

  16. THE AZTEC — Assessment • Which one of these statements is NOT true about the Toltecs • They built pyramids and temples • They entered into the Triple Alliance • There were an extremely warlike people • They dominated central Mexico before the Aztec did • Which fact about Quetzalcoatl is NOT true • He was a violent god that demanded sacrifice • He was depicted as a feathered serpent • He was a god of the Toltec and the Aztec, among others • His followers believed that his return would result in a golden age

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