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Molecular Biophysics Biomolecular Physics

Molecular Biophysics Biomolecular Physics. I urge you to visit different web site - to study manuals and - to look at structures. To Study Cells: many different aspects.

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Molecular Biophysics Biomolecular Physics

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  1. Molecular BiophysicsBiomolecular Physics

  2. I urge you to visit different web site - to study manuals and- to look at structures

  3. To Study Cells: many different aspects

  4. The histones (water insoluble proteins with basic character, isoelectric point at pH 8.5) are in connections with DNA of inactive genes in the nucleus.

  5. What subjects the course Molecular Biophysics ought to have to cover?

  6. Opportunities in Biology for Physicists • While the number of physicists doing biology is still relativelysmall, it is one of the fastest growing fields in the discipline. The American Physical Society, the professionalorganization for physicists, is putting on a conference for young scientists titled ''Opportunities in Biology for Physicists.'' • Biology is increasingly drawing in scientists from many disciplines beyond physics, including mathematics, computer science, and engineering. • Indeed, some of science's most vibrant areas reside at the boundaries of the old disciplines -proof, some say, that the old ways of conceptualizing problems are holding back progress.

  7. ''Ask not what physics can do for biology,'‘ • said Hans Frauenfelder, one of the field's pioneers, • ''Ask what biology can do for physics.'' . • (Adaptation of famous phrase from J.F. Kennedy) • ''Biology has provided physics with its new frontier,'‘ • said Robert Laughlin, who won the 1998 Nobel prize in physics (quantum Hall effect)and now devotes himself to theoretical problems in biology. • ''The whole problem is that we are living in the 21st century with these 19th century guilds,'' • said John Hopfield, a Princeton scientist, one of the first physicists to move into biology.

  8. Fundamental aspects of Physics •Systems with a large number of atoms •Molecular crystals: Repetitive structures •Importance of fluctuations •Difference between forces in biomolecules and forces in solids and liquids •Use of quantum physics (photosynthesis) •Complexity and hierarchy of structures •Order-disorder phenomena. Isingmodel •Dissipative processes. Origin of life •Information storage and transfer •Production, storage and transfer of energy

  9. BiomolecularPhysics Determination of the structure x-ray, NMR, EPR, hydrodynamics, ε, χ, computational methods Equilibrium properties Thermodynamics and statistical mechanics Cooperative phenomena Kinetic properties Relaxation,chemical kinetics Fluctuations

  10. Biomolecules & Biopolymers Constituents :H, C, N, O, P, S, Ca, Cu, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn Biomolecules --Atoms --Quantum Physics SOLIDS: strong forces LIQUIDS: weak forces BIOMOLECULES: strong + weak forces • Determination of the structure • Geometrical distribution of atoms within molecules, crystals and liquids • Methods • x-ray diffraction • NMR • Electron microscopy • The scattering of electrons and x-rays depends on interatomicdistances. • Neutron diffraction is used for H-atoms . • Tunneling microscopy • Computational methods • Microwave spectroscopy gives information on vibrational levels, moment ofinertia --atomic distances

  11. Biomolecules → Life The interaction between biomolecules determinesthe development and evolution of living systems. Biomolecules contain a large number of atoms (102to 1010) The hierarchy of living things Organism >1020 Cell1010 Organelle 105–106 Biomolecule103–104 Molecule 10 –100 Atom 1

  12. Physics Atom Quantum mechanics Molecule Vibration-rotations, Chirality, Radiationlesstransitions Macromolecule Conformations, Phase transitions, Phonons, Solitons, Catalysis Macromolecular complex Collective modes, Cooperative phenomena, Multiple excitation Cell Metabolism, Signaling, Trafficking, Individuality, Differentiation Energy levels Energy landscape

  13. Information + Construction Instruction how to assemble Parts Assembler Self reproducing Information content Information capacity :Nbd= bd b = basis d=digits Systembasis digits N bits 4 letter words 26 4 26418.8 Protein 20 100 20100432 Nucleic acid 4 1074100000002·107

  14. SOLIDS PROTEINS Periodic Non-periodic Disorder↔Random Strong forces in all directions Strong+weak Local vibrations Large motions Energy levels Energy landscape Enormous number of states Profound difference in dynamic behavior Elastic motions Plastic motions Time scale Enormous number

  15. Proteins • 20 building blocks, aminoacids • 100-200 amino acids per protein (range from 15 to 3000) • L-amino acids only!!! • Large number of possible sequences • 20100to 20200(this is practically infinity) • For each sequence large number of conformations • 2200about 1060 • Instantaneousvs. average quantities

  16. Proteins Functions Enzymes Lysozyme, Ribonuclease, LADH, Carbonic anhydrase Storage Ferritin, Ovalbumen, Caseine Transport Hemoglobin, MyoglobinHemocyanine Protection Antibodies, Fibrinogen, TrombinHSP HormonesInsulin, Growth factor Structure Collagen, α-Keratin Light harvesting Rhodopsin, reaction centers Light production Luciferase

  17. Packing Density of Proteins Spheres 0.74 Cylinders 0.91 Solid 1.0 To function, proteins must be flexible.

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