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Mitosis

Mitosis. Happy Halloween! . Why do animals shed their skin?. Asexual Reproduction. When do cells use it? Growth Repair Replacement *Cell that reproduce by asexual reproduction reproduce constantly. . Mitosis = Asexual Reproduction. Division of somatic cells (body )

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Mitosis

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  1. Mitosis Happy Halloween! 

  2. Why do animals shed their skin?

  3. Asexual Reproduction • When do cells use it? • Growth • Repair • Replacement *Cell that reproduce by asexual reproduction reproduce constantly.

  4. Mitosis = Asexual Reproduction • Division of somatic cells (body) • Process in which the nucleus divides to form 2 new nuclei Daughter Cells Somatic Cell Performed by a single (parent) cell

  5. PURPOSE OF MITOSIS: TO PRODUCE TWO NEW NUCLEI WITH… • EXACTLY THE SAME KIND - EXACTLY THE SAME NUMBER . . . OF CHROMOSOMES AS THE PARENT CELL.

  6. What are Chromosomes? • Organized structure of DNA in the cell • Located in the nucleus • Usually are uncoiled in the form of chromatin • Only visible when the cell divides and the chromatin condenses • Held together by a centromere

  7. 5 Stages • Interphase • Prophase • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase **Animated Video**

  8. 1. Interphase • Prior & After Mitosis • G1 period • 90% of cell life spent here • Cell goes about it’s business • S period • DNA is duplicated • G2 period • Cell prepares to divide • Cannot see DNA- uncoiled as chromatin

  9. 2. Prophase • DNA becomes visible as chromosomes • Nuclear membrane dissolves • Centrioles migrate to opposite poles • Spindle fibers form Easy to remember- Prophase- proceeding into mitosis

  10. 3. Metaphase • Spindle fibers attach to centromeres • Chromosomes line up at midline of the cell Pole Spindle Equator Pole Easy to remember- metaphase, DNA at middle

  11. 4. Anaphase • Spindle fibers pull apart centromeres • One chromatid goes to each centriole (they look like V’s) Easy to remember- anaphase, apart they go

  12. 5. Telophase • Chromatids reach centrioles • Mitosis ends when new nuclear membranes form • Some evidence of cell dividing Easy to remember- telophase, terminal phase

  13. Last part- Cytokinesis • Division of Cytoplasm • Technically not in mitosis • Animal cell- pinching of cell membrane- cleavage • Plant cell- formation of new cell wall- cell plate • DNA becomes non-visible, back to chromatin • Daughter cells enter G1 period of interphase

  14. The Cycle Just Keeps Going!

  15. What Kind of Cells Does Mitosis Produce? • Cells with a complete set of chromosomes called diploids • Humans have 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs of chromosomes • Human diploid # = 23 • Most cells are diploid

  16. Cancer • Uncontrollable mitosis (no G1) • Cells cease to do what they are supposed to be doing in favor of dividing. • Cancer does not “poison” your body…

  17. Henrietta Lacks • 1951, a poor 31 Year old African American mother of 4 was dying of cervical cancer @ Johns Hopkins Hospital • Dr. George Gey- sampled some of the cancerous cells, found they could live indefinitely and multiply outside the body • She died 6 months later, but cells still live on • HeLa cells • Used to study many different diseases • Polio Vaccine • How to transport cells

  18. The Mitosis Shuffle!  • First, lets watch: University of Madison Mitosis Shuffle • Your turn! “The Hustle” by Van McCoy

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