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Prokaryotic chromosome sizes

Prokaryotic chromosome sizes. Smallest is an symbiont ( Carsonella ruddii ) from an aphid-like insect (size ~150,000 bp). Others Include other symbionts and free-living Leptospira. Common Complex media. TY (per liter): 6 gr casein (hydrolyzed milk protein) 3 gr yeast extract

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Prokaryotic chromosome sizes

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  1. Prokaryotic chromosome sizes Smallest is an symbiont (Carsonella ruddii) from an aphid-like insect (size ~150,000 bp). Others Include other symbionts and free-living Leptospira

  2. Common Complex media TY (per liter): 6 gr casein (hydrolyzed milk protein) 3 gr yeast extract .4 gr CaCl2 LB (per liter): 10 gr casein 5 gr yeast extract 10 gr NaCl These are cheap, easy to make and support high rates of growth. However, what is in the media, exactly, is unknown. For example, how much methionine is in 10 ml of LB?

  3. M9 minimal medium For one liter Na2HPO4 12.8g KH2PO4 3g MgSO4 0.5 NaCl 0.5g NH4Cl 1g CaCl2 0.015 gr KCl .185 Carbon source 4 gr Amino acids, vitamins, bases, etc. can be added as needed.

  4. Phenotype/Genotype •Phenotype: observable properties (Trp+, Trp–) •Genotype: genetic composition (trp-, met+) •Allele: different forms of a gene. Different alleles are given numbers: (trpA1, trpA3) •Different genes that give the same general phenotype when mutated are given the same name with different alphabetical designations: (trpA, trpB). Different mutations combine letters and numbers. For e.g. a strain may be (trpA1, trpA2, trpB3, accD). Meaning it has 2 mutations in trpA and one in trpB and accD. S. melilotitrpA region

  5. Deciphering a genotype E. coli strain JM107 (lac-proAB) thi gyrA96 endA1 hsdR17(rK– mK+) relA1 supE44 –/F´ traD36 proAB+lacIqZM15 (lac-proAB): deleted for the genes from lac to proAB thi: can’t make thiamine gyrA96: a specific mutation in the gyrase A gene endA1: a specific mutation in the endA (endonuclease) gene relA1: a specific mutation in the relA gene supE44: a specific mutation that suppresses nonsense mutations – : no bacteriophage lambda F´ : has a plasmid called the F plasmid which carries other E. coli genes (that’s what the prime after the the F means). This F’ carries traD26, the proAB genes (fixes the proAB) and a special lacI gene called lacIQZM15

  6. Deciphering genotypes continued E. coli strain HB101 (gpt-proA)62 leuB6 supE44 ara-14 galK2 lacY1 (mcrC-mrr) rpsL20(Strr) xyl-5 mtl-1 recA13 What carbon source(s) can strain HB101not grow on? What amino acid(s) would you need to add to minimal medium to allow growth? Why are leuB62 and ara-14 written as they are? What does Strr mean? Is this the strain’s genotype or phenotype? The NEB catalog (or similar) is very helpful in deciphering genotypes

  7. NEB strains

  8. NEBE. coli mutations

  9. Penicillin enrichment to help find auxotrophs

  10. Killing by penicillin From Fitzgerald and Williams 1975

  11. Results of penicillin enrichment From Fitzgerald and Williams 1975

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