William Blake

1. William Blake http://library.uncg.edu/depts/speccoll/exhibits/Blake/Blakeportrait.gif

2. William Blake • Born November 28, 1757 • London, England • Died August 12, 1827 • London, England • 69 years old http://www.johnmitchell.org/art_gallery.htm

3. Early years Began his artistic career at 10 years old when his father sent him to the best drawing school in England Apprenticed to an engraver at 14 Adult life Always worked as an engraver and professional artist Was very poor, especially later in life Always felt rich in spirit Blake’s Life

4. http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/blake/ Blake’s Art http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/blake/ http://www.metmuseum.org/special/William_Blake/15.R.htm

5. Blake’s Life • His life is considered “simple,” “boring,” when compared to the lives of his contemporaries (Coleridge, Shelley, Keats) • Married to the same woman most of his life • Never traveled

6. Blake’s Wife • Married Catherine Boucher in 1782 • They were married until his death in 1827 • She assisted with the printing and hand coloring of his poems http://www.metmuseum.org/special/William_Blake/11.R.htm

7. Blake’s Death • Suffered in his last years “that Sickness to which there is no name.” • Probably biliary cirrhosis • Caused by prolonged exposure to the fumes produced when acid is applied to copper plates • This was one of his methods of engraving

8. Miscellaneous Blake Facts • Claimed to see visions of angels, spirits, and ghosts of kings and queens • First vision seen at • age 4 (God at the window) • age 9 (tree filled with angels) • Favorite brother Robert died and came back to William in a vision to teach him an engraving technique • Saw visions until his death; on his deathbed, burst into song about the things he saw in Heaven

9. More Blake Facts • Arrested twice: • 1783: he and two other artists were arrested and accused of spying; were finally released once it was verified they were not French spies • 1803: put on trial for pushing a soldier out of his garden, allegedly saying, “Damn the king. All the soldiers are slaves.”

10. Blake’s Poetry • Work received little attention during his lifetime • Most of his poetry was not widely published • When his work was noticed, people thought it (and therefore Blake himself) was weird, confused, or mad

11. “I must create a system or be enslaved by another man’s.” • Illustrated most of his poems as well as those of other writers • Printed most of his poetry himself http://wiredforbooks.org/blake/milton2a.jpg http://4umi.com/image/art/blake/introduction.jpg http://colophon.com/gallery/minsky/jpegs/blakemh2.jpg

12. Blake’s “Romantic” Tendencies • If we see with our imaginations, we see the infinite; if we see with our reason, we see only ourselves • Believed everything in life (every object, every event) was a symbol with a mystical or spiritual meaning • His poems spoke out against social injustice • Rediscovery of Christian mystery (not dogma) • His poetry and art reflect his struggles with the big spiritual questions: • Why is there evil? • Why do evil people sometimes prosper? • Why do the innocent suffer?

13. Blake as Revolutionary Romantic • Blake never tried to fit into the world, he was a rebel innocently and completely all his life. • He was politically of the permanent left & mixed a good deal with the radicals like Thomas Paine and William Godwin. • Blake strongly criticized the capitalists' cruel exploitation, saying that the "dark satanic mills left men unemployed, killed children and forced prostitution." • He cherished great expectations and enthusiasm for the French Revolution, and regarded it as a necessary stage leading to the millennium predicted by the biblical prophets.

14. Blake Bibliography Poetical Sketches (1783) All Religions Are One (1788) There Is No Natural Religion (1788) Songs of Innocence (1789) The Marriage of Heaven and Hell (1790) Visions of the Daughters of Albion (1793) America, a Prophecy (1793) For Children: The Gates of Paradise (1793) Europe, a Prophecy (1794) Songs of Experience (1794) The First Book of Urizen (1794) The Song of Los (1795) The Book of Ahania (1795) The Book of Los (1795) For the Sexes: The Gates of Paradise (1820) http://www.gailgastfield.com/mhh/mhh1.jpg

15. Songs of Innocence (1789) • Innocence: seems to reflect genuine love, trust toward humankind, unquestioned belief in Christianity, but, though poems are written from a child’s point of view, they also function as parables of adult experiences and expose many of the dangers and hardships to which children at the time, before child labor laws, were subjected to. Thus, Blake exposed the greed and lack of compassion of many who lived off of poor children and their parents.

16. Songs of Experience (1794) • Experience: disillusionment with human nature and society • Songs of Experience is a companion work to Songs of Innocence. • Together, Blake called the collection Songs of Innocence and of Experience (1794). Subtitle: “The Contrary States of the Human Soul” • With these, Blake’s goal was to show the two contrasting sides of the human soul.

17. London I wander thro' each charter'd street, Near where the charter'd Thames does flow, And mark in every face I meet Marks of weakness, marks of woe. In every cry of every Man, In every Infant's cry of fear, In every voice, in every ban, The mind-forg'd manacles I hear. How the Chimney-sweeper's cry Every black'ning Church appalls; And the hapless Soldier's sigh Runs in blood down Palace walls. But most thro' midnight streets I hear How the youthful Harlot's curse Blasts the new born Infant's tear, And blights with plagues the Marriage hearse.

18. Holy Thursday (from Songs of Innocence) ’Twas on a holy Thursday, their innocent faces clean, The children walking two and two in red and blue and green: Grey-headed beadles walked before, with wands as white as snow, Till into the high dome of Paul's they like Thames waters flow. O what a multitude they seemed, these flowers of London town! Seated in companies they sit, with radiance all their own. The hum of multitudes was there, but multitudes of lambs, Thousands of little boys and girls raising their innocent hands. Now like a mighty wind they raise to heaven the voice of song, Or like harmonious thunderings the seats of heaven among: Beneath them sit the aged men, wise guardians of the poor. Then cherish pity, lest you drive an angel from your door.

19. Holy Thursday (Songs of Experience) Is this a holy thing to see, In a rich and fruitful land, Babes reducd to misery, Fed with cold and usurous hand? Is that trembling cry a song! Can it be a song of joy? And so many children poor, It is a land of poverty! And their sun does never shine. And their fields are bleak & bare. And their ways are fill'd with thorns It is eternal winter there. For where-e'er the sun does shine, And where-e'er the rain does fall: Babe can never hunger there, Nor poverty the mind appall.

20. Blake’s Influence Jim Morrison got the name for The Doors from The Marriage of Heaven and Hell: “If the doors of perception were cleansed, everything would appear to man as it is—infinite. For man has closed himself up till he sees things through narrow chinks of his cavern.”