JFK…

1. JFK… • Think/ look back over HW and movie notes... • How did Cuban missile crisis get resolved? • In what ways did Cold War continue under JFK? • What kind of president was he? (adjectives, examples…)

2. Brainstorm what you know about Vietnam…. • Who What When Where Why • Names, details…..

3. Vietnam War 1954- 1975 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vCWdCKPtnYE

4. Beginnings • French colony • 1800s- WW2 • After World War 2 • France tries to reclaim it • Ho Chi Minh leads revolution • Communist • Guerilla warfare • (US had support Ho vs. Japan in WW2)

5. Early US involvement • Truman • “Truman Doctrine”- 1950- 15,000,000 in aid to France • 1950-1954- US pumps in billions, basically paying for France’s war

6. 1954- France is defeated • Vietnam divided • North Vietnam • Communist • USSR supports • South Vietnam • Under Ngo Dinh Diem • USA supports

7. WHY DID THE US SUPPORT SOUTH VIETNAM? • Eisenhower 1954: • Domino theory- if one nations “falls” to communism, the rest of South East Asia will fall

8. Trouble in South Vietnam • Diem unpopular • CIVIL WAR • Vietcong • South Vietnamese guerilla fighters v. Diem gov. The first view some Americans have of Vietnam is Buddhist monks burning themselves in protest of Diem Famous picture of a Vietcong being killed

9. Kennedy • By ’61, Diem gov. in danger of falling • American military comes in as advisors to South Vietnamese army, 1961-64 • 1963- 16,000 troops in Vietnam

10. Lyndon Baines Johnson • 10/63- Diem assassinated • 11/63 JFK assassinated • LBJ takes over • Increases aid

11. Gulf of Tonkin Resolution • Aug. 1964 • North Vietnam supposedly attacks a US boat in Gulf of Tonkin • Congress passes Resolution • Gives LBJ power to take “all necessary measures”

12. Escalation- increasing numbers of American troops sent over • US bombs North Vietnam, targets in South • War “escalates” under LBJ • 1964-68, >500,000 soldiers sent in • Fighting both Vietcong, and N Vietnam

13. Guerilla warfare • No traditional “front” • US troops- “search and destroy” missions • Root out Vietcong strongholds, move on

14. Things get ugly • Vietcong hides in jungles; don’t face US troops head on • Who is the enemy?

15. March 16, 1968- Victims of the “My Lai Massacre”, in which US soldiers killed between 250-400 innocent civilians in the village of My Lai Army photographer- Ronald L. Haeberle http://www.english.uiuc.edu

16. June 6, 1972- Photographer: Kim Phuc and her family run from their village, Trang Bang, after it was accidentally hit by napalm from South Vietnamese bombers. Photographer- NicUt http://news.bbc.co.uk

17. Tet offensive • January 1968 • HUGE offensive all around Vietnam • US pushes back, but enormous political victory for Vietcong, N Vietnam

18. The draft • Many wealthy, middle class able to legally get out of it • High % of poor, Afr. Am., and Hispanic

19. At home • 1st “televised” war • Hawks: support war • Doves: anti war

20. College campuses- anti war protests • Baby boom kids, 60s, 70s • Marches • Sit-ins • Burn draft cards • Take over buildings • Destroy property • Spirit of rebellion- “counter culture” • Rejection of Am. values; clothes, music, drugs

21. UC Berkeley protests

22. May 4, 1970- A distraught protester looks on at a student from KENT STATE, on of four whom had been shot and killed by Ohio National GuardsmenPhotographer: John Filo http://www.presby.edu

23. Muhammad Ali- Registers as concientious objector "I Ain't Got No Quarrel With The VietCong... No VietCong Ever Called Me N****r" — Muhammad Ali, 1966 "No, I am not going 10,000 miles to help murder kill and burn other people to simply help continue the domination of white slavemasters over dark people the world over. This is the day and age when such evil injustice must come to an end." —Muhammad Ali

24. LBJ doesn’t run in 1968 Bobby Kennedy (JFK’s) brother running…

25. June 5, 1968

26. 1968 Democratic National Convention- Chicago • Anti- war protestors riot with police

27. Election of 1968 • Richard Nixon (Republican) wins

29. Questions to ponder while watching video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eM-764N2QM8 • What role did television play in the Vietnam War? • How was the Vietnam War different than other wars? • Do you think you would have joined the protest movement, or do you find them to be …. Un-American? • ***In what ways did Vietnam impact America?

30. Fortunate Son- CCRWhat message do these songs convey about the Vietnam War? • Some folks are born made to wave the flag, • Ooo, they’re red, white and blue. • And when the band plays hail to the chief, • Ooo, they point the cannon at you, y’all! It ain’t me, it ain’t me, I ain’t no senator’s son, Son. • It ain’t me, it ain’t me; I ain’t no fortunate one. No. Some folks are born silver spoon in hand, • Lord, don’t they help themselves, y’all! • But when the taxman comes to the door, • Lord, the house looks like a rummage sale. It ain’t me, it ain’t me, I ain’t no millionaire’s son. No, no. • It ain’t me, it ain’t me; I ain’t no fortunate one. No. Some folks inherit star spangled eyes, • Ooo, they send you down to war, y’all. • And when you ask them, how much should we give? • Ooo, they only answer more! More! More! Y’all. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LMUBWKJ5A_0 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xuUBCF3KKxc

31. Nixon and Vietnam • “Vietnamization” • Prepare South Vietnam to defend itself • 1st- bomb “Ho Chi Minh Trail” in Cambodia • Starts Civil War there

32. …Nixon • While bombing, brings troops home slowly • Peace talks begin in Paris

33. Nixon goes to China • 1972- Nixon recognizes communist China • “saves face” for w/drawal from ‘Nam

34. End of war • 1973- cease fire is arranged • 1974- last troops leave

35. Aftermath • US continues to aid S Vietnam w/ $$$$ • April 1975- Vietnam reunited, communist Modern day celebration of “Reunification Day”

36. …Aftermath • Cambodia goes Communist • Brutal reign of terror by (Pol Pot) Khmer Rouge

37. Aftermath… • > 58,000 American dead • > 1,000,000 Vietnamese

39. War Power Act 1973 • Limits president’s war making powers • President must inform Congress w/in 48 hours of sending in troops to a hostile area • Troops can only stay 90 days w/out Congressional approval • ***How is this related to the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution?

40. Impact of Vietnam • America more hesitant to get involved in foreign affairs with no direct interest • Americans more cynical and suspicious of government • “Pentagon Papers”- released in New York Times in 1971, show LBJ planning on entering war while claiming we weren’t • 26th Amendment (18- voting age)

41. Which situation was a result of the Vietnam War? • South Vietnam was able to maintain its noncommunist status. • The United States questioned its role as a police officer of the world. • Richard Nixon was forced to resign the presidency. • The War Powers Act was repealed by Congress

42. One reason the United States became involved in the Vietnam War was to • prevent the spread of communism in Indochina • reduce French influence in Vietnam • stop China from seizing Vietnam • support the government of North Vietnam

43. A constitutional issue that was frequently raised about United States involvement in the Korean conflict and the Vietnam conflict was the • right to regulate commerce with foreign nations • use of deficit spending to finance wars • lack of a formal declaration of war by Congress • Supreme Court’s role in foreign policy decision-making

44. The primary purpose of the War Powers Act (1973) is to • limit Presidential power to send troops into combat • allow for a quicker response to a military attack • assure adequate defense of the Western Hemisphere • stop the use of troops for nonmilitary purposes

45. Vietnam compared to Iraq/ Afganistan Wars • How do they compare?