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Chapter Three

Chapter Three. Listeners and Speakers. Chapter Three. Table of Contents Listening: A Complex Human Behavior Active Listening: Overcoming Obstacles Active Listening and Critical Thinking Evaluating Speeches*. Listening: a Complex Behavior. Listeners and Speakers: a Dynamic Relationship

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Chapter Three

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  1. Chapter Three Listeners and Speakers

  2. Chapter Three Table of Contents • Listening: A Complex Human Behavior • Active Listening: Overcoming Obstacles • Active Listening and Critical Thinking • Evaluating Speeches*

  3. Listening: a Complex Behavior • Listeners and Speakers: a Dynamic Relationship • Listening is Selective*

  4. Listening: a Complex Behavior • Hearing is a physiological process. • Listening is the process of recognizing, understanding, and accurately interpreting communicated messages. • comprehensive • critical • empathic • appreciative*

  5. Listening: a Complex Human Behavior:Listeners and Speakers • listeners and speakers are interdependent • circular response is constant feedback that exists between listeners and speakers.*

  6. Listening: a Complex Human Behavior:Listening is Selective • Selective Perception is the process by which people pay attention to certain messages and ignore others. • people pay attention to information they hold to be important and that touches their experiences and background. • people sort and filter new information on the basis of what they already know.*

  7. Listening: a Complex Human Behavior:Listening is Selective • Message Perception Gap is the misunderstandings that arise between speaker and listener.*

  8. Active Listening: Overcoming Obstacles • Barriers to Active Listening • Becoming an Active Listener*

  9. Active Listening: Overcoming Obstacles • Active listening is focused, purposeful listening.*

  10. Inattentiveness and distractions external distractions (environment) internal distractions (thoughts/feelings) Script writing and defensive listening defensive listening occurs when we sense that our attitudes or opinions are being challenged.* Active Listening: Overcoming Obstacles:Barriers to Active Listening

  11. Laziness and Overconfidence expect too little from speakers ignore important information display an arrogant attitude Cultural Barriers differences in dialects or accents, nonverbal cues, word choice, and physical appearance* Active Listening: Overcoming Obstacles:Barriers to Active Listening

  12. Active Listening: Overcoming Obstacles:Becoming an Active Listener • set listening goals • focus efforts • listen for main ideas • watch for nonverbal cues • evaluate the speaker’s audience*

  13. Active Listening • Critical Thinking • Critical Listening: The Thought/Speech Differential*

  14. The ability to evaluate claims on the basis of well supported reasons: evaluate the evidence analyze assumptions and biases resist false dilemmas, overgeneralizations and either/or thinking identify contradictions consider multiple perspectives summarize and judge* Active Listening:Critical Thinking

  15. Active Listening:Critical Listening: The Thought/Speech Differential • we listen at a faster rate than we speak: • we speak at a rate of 100 to 180 words per minute • we listen at a rate of 500 to 600 words per minute*

  16. Evaluating Speeches • Adjusting to the Speaker’s Style • Being Honest and Fair in Evaluating • Being Compassionate in Criticizing*

  17. Evaluating Speeches:Adjusting to the Speaker’s Style • not judging the content of the message based on the speaker’s communication style.*

  18. Evaluating Speeches:Being Honest and Fair in Evaluating • it is important to remain open to ideas and beliefs that differ from your own.*

  19. Evaluating Speeches:Being Compassionate in Criticizing • evaluation approach: • start by saying something positive • focus on the speech, not the speaker • target your criticism*

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