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IMPACT OF PARTICIPATORY TREE DOMESTICATION ON FARMER LIVELIHOODS IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA

IMPACT OF PARTICIPATORY TREE DOMESTICATION ON FARMER LIVELIHOODS IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA PAPER PRESENTED AT 2 nd WORLD CONGRESS OF AGROFORESTRY 23-28 AUGUST 2009 NAIROBI KENYA.

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IMPACT OF PARTICIPATORY TREE DOMESTICATION ON FARMER LIVELIHOODS IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA

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  1. IMPACT OF PARTICIPATORY TREE DOMESTICATION ON FARMER LIVELIHOODS IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA PAPER PRESENTED AT 2nd WORLD CONGRESS OF AGROFORESTRY 23-28 AUGUST 2009 NAIROBI KENYA Tchoundjeu, Z.; Degrande, A.; Leakey, R.R.B.; Simons, T.; Nimino, G.; Kemajou, E.; Asaah, E.; Facheux, C.; Tsobeng, A.; Mbile, P. and Sado, T.

  2. ARTICULATIONS 1. PARTICIPATORY TREE DOMESTICATION (PTD) • APPROACH OF PTD • WHY INDIGENOUS FRUIT TREES 2. IMPACTS ON FARMERS’ LIVELIHOODS CONCLUSION

  3. 21 countries 330 million people 1200 million ha

  4. HOT SPOTS IN WCA WCA is a hot spot with more: 1800 endemic plant species 31 endemic threatened birds 35 endemic threatened mammals

  5. Distribution of Area under Cultivation By Zone5-year Average (2003-2007)

  6. Area under Cultivation

  7. Volatility of Coffee Price

  8. FOREST IS NOT ONLY LOGS AND TIMBER Over two thirds of the 600 million people in Africa rely directly or indirectly on forest for their livelihoods

  9. Main NTFPs

  10. What is domestication?

  11. PTD refers to: the means communities select, propagate and manage high-value indigenous fruit trees and medicinal plants and integrate them in the various farming systems, Species for domestication are mainly selected encompassing indigenous knowledge and genetic selection based on scientific principles A strong partnership is developed with scientists, civic authorities and private companies. PTD is a farmer driven and market lead process. It focuses on species farmers consume best with high potentials for local, regional and international markets Participatory Tree Domestication (PTD)

  12. Conventional or Classical approach Progeny trials Biophysical and phenological assessments ICRAF approach Priority setting (farmer participation) Germplasm collection priority species Selection via vegetative propagation techniques On-station and on-farm evaluation of selected species Marketing options for maximizing farmer family income Capacity building APPROACH: Participatory tree domestication

  13. How to multiply the selected species: rooting cuttings

  14. Creation of a cultivar Dacryodes edulis Earlier fruiting, smaller trees and uniform quality

  15. Sites of Impact Studies (DJONTU, 2006)

  16. Natural assets (Wild trees) Role of tree domestication in household’s livelihood Tree Domestication Technology Subsistence Improved propagules Fruits Leaves Nuts/Kernels Bark, firewood Other livelihood activities Income (financial) FARM HOUSEHOLD Invest in Consumption Outcomes: Food and nutrition, Environment resilience, Knowledge empowerment, Housing, quality and Standard of life

  17. Agroforestry nurseries Impacts : Income used to send children to school, to pay for medicines, to dig wells, make bricks, to purchase livestock, to purchase fertilizers and other inputs; improved diet. Increased knowledge in AF techniques

  18. Income generation projects Impacts: Income for medicines, water and homes; better health; more time for family and farming; creates employment.

  19. Rural Resource Centres Impacts: Technical and business training and knowledge; empowerment of communities; Income for multiple uses; Dissemination of technologies; introduction of germplasm.

  20. Microfinance Projects Impacts: Provision of money for purchase of agricultural inputs; higher productivity; better livelihoods

  21. Farmers Saw application of good practices and diversification, discussed their needs and aspirations, heard their interest in new technologies.

  22. Innovators Saw farmers and business developing and implementing new technologies and domesticating new crops

  23. Farmer Groups Met some dynamic and enthusiastic people excited about the ways the Project was improving their lives. Heard their hopes and aspirations.

  24. Entrepreneurs Heard that they were making money from their new businesses.

  25. Traditional traders There are so many more people that projects like this need to reach, whether they are farmers, traders or potential business people. It was exciting to learn about the successes, but sad to think about the people who are still living without much hope.

  26. PARTICIPATORY TREE DOMESTICATION Agroforestry has improved our lives I’m buying fertilizers and have a cow I’ve improved my house and built a well I’ve decided to be a nursery man and stay in my village My family are healthier and going to school My kids are eating fruits and veg I’m processing and trading AFTPs Transforming people’s lives

  27. Indigenous fruit portfolio now at the heart of key global environmental processes Convention to combat desertification Agroforestry for land regeneration Biodiversity Convention Role of agroforestry in biodiversity conservation Climate Change Convention Agroforestry as a key to adaptation Smallholder projects for carbon sequestration UN Forum on Forests Key role of trees outside forests Conclusion…

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