Dr. Hubert Krieger Eurofound (Dublin)

1. Dr. Hubert KriegerEurofound (Dublin) New ideas for integration policies based on experience of European cities 02/04/2014 1

2. Perceived tension between social groups in 2009 (very many tensions, average for EU27) Data: EQLS (2009, Eurofound) 02/04/2014 2

3. What is CLIP? • CLIP stands for • Cities for Local Integration Policies for migrants • Network of 35 European cities since 2006 • Ten regular meetings of all cities • Strategic partners • Cities of Stuttgart, Amsterdam, Vienna, Malmo,Turku • Eurofound, Council of Europe • Committee of the Regions, CEMR, ENAR • Private co-funding organisations • Research support by six leading European research centres (Imiscoe) • Overall funding over 4 years • Eurofound: Research plus personnel: 1,4 million • Contributions of others: 0,6 million

4. CLIP cities spread over Europe 02/04/2014 4

5. CLIP network and its activities • Effective peer review process between cities • Describing, comparing and evaluating local policies • Relevant issues • Housing and segregation • Diversity management in services and personnel • Intercultural and Muslim relations • Ethnic entrepreneurship • Output • Case studies, comparative analysis, practical policy recommendations • Effective dialogue with European policy makers, Social Partners and NGOs • Impact of action research • Change of policies and practices in several cities

6. New ideas for integration policies: European cities • From integration to intercultural policies • Integration policy is in its nature holistic • New governance based on effective partnership, power sharing and participation • Innovation within specific policy areas • New, more specific and more emphasis on neglected policies • Intercultural opening of the city administration • Innovation through a new mix of generic and specific policies

7. From integration to intercultural policies • Key message: Increasing diversity in European cities is inevitable and needs intercultural policies as a new policy approach • European cities are centres and laboratories of societal change and are at the forefront of increasing diversity • Diversity is to some extent inevitable and bears risks and opportunities • “Traditional” integration strategies are no longer sufficient to deal with the future challenge of increasing diversity. We have to develop a new perspective and a new paradigm! • All traditional integration strategies are based to a different extent on the assumption that migrants as newcomers have to comply • Traditional integration policy does not recognise that the system itself has changed • The new policy challenge is to organise the relationship of an increasing number of diverse communities and to develop new basic standards of living together. Move to intercultural policies

8. Principles of new intercultural policies • Basic human und social rights • Democratic and open society • New overarching “leitmotiv”, “sinnstiftung” or “overarching ideas” of life how to organise European societies • Building up of intercultural competences • Effective equal opportunities and non discrimination policy • Supporting a “layered identity” • Opening up of basic organisations of majority society • New solidarity with under-developed countries as part of EU immigration policy

9. Integration policy is in its nature holistic • The key message: There is a strong need for policies and practices of “governance” of integration policy based on effective mainstreaming, partnership, power sharing and participation • Several kinds of problems and solutions have been identified: • Organisational structures and the need for a new organisational culture • Lack of political support by key decision makers • Need of a “strategy” to define the medium term integration policy of the city • Need for a professional, credible and diligent heads of department • From government to governance and the need to involve outside parties

10. Innovation within specific policy areas • Key message: Need for new, more specific and more attention for neglected policy areas of integration • New policies: • Intercultural policy (strategy, group and org. specific) • More specificity in policies: • Diversity policy (personnel policy and services) • More emphasis on neglected policies: • Ethnic entrepreneurship (part of the EES)

11. New mix of generic and targeted policies I • Needs and reasons for generic policies: • Equal opportunities and non discrimination of natives • Natives are the main part of the electorate • More cost effective • Less organisational effort • Needs and reasons for targeted policies • Specific objective needs and conditions of migrants • Specific demands and expectations from migrants • Partial exclusion of migrants from generic measures Non acceptance of generic measures by migrants • General rule: • Provide as much generic support as possible and as much targeted support as necessary • Keep a right proportion in spending between generic and specific measures

12. New mix of generic and targeted policies II • Innovative solutions • Need for intercultural opening of the administration • Providing and promoting access • Overcome barriers of access by providing language support, promotion/information through the right channels • Invest into the development of trust relations • Employee staff with migration background, i.e. put a migrant face to the organisation • Improve the intercultural competence of native staff • Provide targeted support for special needs of migrants and other disadvantaged groups • Develop targeted programmes only as much as necessary • Provide all specific support with the clear message to have to accept basic legal and financial rules of majority society. “Any tax cheat” will not receive any support.

13. Conclusion froman EU perspective • Need to further develop the EU integration strategy • Revisit certain parts of the integration strategy and sharpen them • Ethnic entrepreneurship • Diversity policy • More integration of policies and policy levels • Relations between EU and local policies • Evaluate EU policies e.g. regarding support for targeted/specific organisations for migrants versus more general and mainstream organisations • Example support for ethnic entrepreneurs

14. The end Thank you very much for your attention!!!