Presented by In-Woo Lee, Agricultural Economist, FFTC at the National Pingtong University, Taiwan

1. Presented by In-Woo Lee, Agricultural Economist, FFTC at the National Pingtong University, Taiwan On November 22, 2006 A Korean Agricultural Economist’s View Looking at Rural Asia and Its Future Roles and Directions

2. FFTC/ASPAC Outline of Presentation

3. FFTC/ASPAC FFTC/ASPAC I . Introduction

4. FFTC/ASPAC FFTC/ASPAC II.Current Situation of Asian Agriculture

5. FFTC/ASPAC Market Policy Technology Agricultural Structure Cultivated Land Capital Investment Agricultural Population FFTC/ASPAC II.Current Situation of Asian Agriculture Framework of Agriculture and Its Performances Performances of Agricultural Production • Agricultural Production • Providing food, • fiber, • industrial resources, • Conservation of natural resources, etc. • Rural Economy • Farmer’s household economy • Regional economy • Taxation • Social Community • Social institution • Cultural identity • Balancing national development

6. FFTC/ASPAC FFTC/ASPAC II.Current Situation of Asian Agriculture Production Potential of Asian Agriculture: Cultivated Land (I) Cultivated Lands of Asian Countries • Cultivated lands in each country show stable tendency except for China • China has the largest cultivated land in the world • Even so, it has continuously increased its cultivated land since 1998 • Its tremendous impacts on agricultural markets have been felt all over the world, especially in Asia • - Consumption pattern • - Changes in supply & demand • - Influence over Asian and global markets

7. FFTC/ASPAC FFTC/ASPAC II.Current Situation of Asian Agriculture Production Potential of Asian Agriculture: Cultivated Land (II) Detailed Changes in Cultivated Lands • Details of the past 10 years show that China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Vietnam have shown increases in cultivated land • Meanwhile, Japan, Korea, Taiwan and Thailand have shown considerable decreases in this aspect

8. FFTC/ASPAC FFTC/ASPAC II.Current Situation of Asian Agriculture Production Potential of Asian Agriculture: Agri. Pop. (I) Agricultural Population in Asian Countries • Agricultural populations have shown a similar pattern with that of cultivated lands. • Agricultural population in China has continuously increased since the 1960s

9. FFTC/ASPAC FFTC/ASPAC II.Current Situation of Asian Agriculture Production Potential of Asian Agriculture: Agri. Pop. (II) Agricultural Population by Countries • China, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand and Viet Nam have shown steady increases in agricultural populations. • On the contrary, Japan, Korea, Malaysia and Taiwan have recorded decreases in agricultural populations.

10. FFTC/ASPAC FFTC/ASPAC II.Current Situation of Asian Agriculture Production Potential of Asian Agriculture: Capital (I) Number of Tractors in Asian Countries • The number of tractors, • as an index of agricultural mechanization and capital investment in agriculture, • indicates that selected Asian countries have enhanced their productivity through farm mechanization since the 1970s • - Japan already had reached its peak in the early 1990s while other countries have shown comparatively low levels in the introduction of tractors in their agricultures • - China does not show any striking increasing rates compared to its own scale of cultivated land

11. FFTC/ASPAC FFTC/ASPAC II.Current Situation of Asian Agriculture Production Potential of Asian Agriculture: Capital (II) Number of Tractors by Countries • Thailand, Korea, Vietnam and Indonesia have shown rapid increase rates in the number of tractors since the late 1980s • It means Asian agriculture has come to enter into a capital-intensive farming stage • Its unexpected results, farmers experienced financial bankruptcy and economic hardship during the 1997 Asian financial crisis and pushed farmers into a critical point, especially in Thailand, Korea and Indonesia • Malaysia, Taiwan and Philippines have shown comparatively low rates of increase in the number of tractors

12. FFTC/ASPAC FFTC/ASPAC III . Conditions for Future Development

13. FFTC/ASPAC FFTC/ASPAC III.Conditions for Future Development Agricultural Production in Asian Countries Indices of Agricultural Production • Since 1961, most Asian countries have shown continuous increases in agricultural production except for Japan • Japan already had entered a stagnant increase rate in agricultural production since the 1970s. Taiwan and Korea has followed the decreasing trend • In spite of farmers’ economic hardship, agricultural production in Asian countries has increased. Every country faces a critical point to be overcome amid rapid globalization of agricultural market

14. FFTC/ASPAC Goals & Targets External Conditions Upward Development Status Quo Development Agriculture Downward Development Internal Conditions Past Present Target Year FFTC/ASPAC III.Conditions for Future Development Agri. Economist’s role: How to Contribute to Future Development Assessment and Preparation Figure 3-1. Logical Development Path of Agriculture • Assess your country’s status in the context of its agricultural development, and • Prepare a strategic plan for future agricultural development. • For Agricultural Economist, change is regarded as a move to another balancing point • How to move the current balancing point to a desirable balancing point • What variables should you control to achieve the balance?

15. FFTC/ASPAC Goals & Targets External Conditions Upward Development Status Quo Development Agriculture Downward Development Internal Conditions Past Present Target Year FFTC/ASPAC III.Conditions for Future Development Key Words to a Strategic Planning for Future Development Key Words and Constraints

16. FFTC/ASPAC FFTC/ASPAC Ⅳ. New Engines for the Sustainable Growth of Rural Asia

17. FFTC/ASPAC FFTC/ASPAC Ⅳ. New Engines for the Sustainable Growth of Rural Asia Past and Present Engines for Development

18. FFTC/ASPAC FFTC/ASPAC Ⅳ. New Engines for the Sustainable Growth of Rural Asia Examples of New Engines in Asian Countries

19. FFTC/ASPAC FFTC/ASPAC V . Roles of FFTC in the ASPAC Region and “Q & A”

20. FFTC/ASPAC FFTC/ASPAC V . Roles of FFTC in the ASPAC Region and “Q & A” Mission of FFTC/ASPAC FFTC/ASPAC • Established in 1970 as an international information center in the Asian and Pacific Region • Mission • Collect and disseminate technical information on agricultural production, in order to achieve increased output and higher incomes for small-scale farmers in the region • Organizational Structure • - Executive Board Meeting • - Working Group Meeting • - Technical Advisory Committee • - Technical Staff and • - International Cosponsor Institutions

21. FFTC/ASPAC FFTC/ASPAC V . Roles of FFTC in the ASPAC Region and “Q & A” Major Activities of FFTC/ASPAC Major Activities of FFTC/ASPAC • Regional Field Surveys • For 35 years, 21 surveys • Seminars and Workshops • 185 Seminars and Workshops • Training Courses • 46 Training Courses • Field Demonstration Projects • 9 Field Demonstrations • Publications • 549 Extension Bulletins, • 165 Technical Bulletins, • 62 Books, 145 Issues of Newsletter • 34 Annual Reports, • 121 Practical Technology Leaflets, etc. • Websites and Database • Strengthen Regional Agri. Cooperation

22. FFTC/ASPAC • FFTC WORK PROGRAM 2007-2011 STRATEGIC MISSION • OPERATIONAL STRATEGY Increased Income and Improved Livelihood of Small-scale Farmers • Enhanced Information • and Technology • Collection and • Dissemination/Transfer TECHNOLOGIES FOR COLLECTION AND TRANSFER Improved Food Safety TARGETED TECHNOLOGY TARGETED TOPICS Enhancement of Environment-Friendly Technology Sustainable Use of Natural Resources FFTC/ASPAC V . Roles of FFTC in the ASPAC Region and “Q & A” Future Directions: FFTC Strategic Plan for 2007-2011 • - Status and roles of agriculture and needs of farmers have changed • Review existing strategic plan • - Outlining four strategic missions and plan for 2007-2011

23. FFTC/ASPAC FFTC/ASPAC Thank you for your attention! 謝謝您!