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Understanding Rootkits: Installation, Detection, and Evasion Techniques

Learn all about rootkits, including their goals, types, installation methods, architecture, detection, evasion tactics, and system manipulation techniques to protect your system effectively.

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Understanding Rootkits: Installation, Detection, and Evasion Techniques

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  1. Rootkits Jonathan Hobbs

  2. What is a rootkit? • A tool set installed to grant a user root access • First modern rootkits emerged in the mid 1990s • Before rootkits there were log cleaners

  3. Goal of a Rootkit • Maintain access • Execute malware • Remain hidden

  4. Types of Rootkits • Binary rootkits • Remote & local access • Hide processes, connections, files, and user activity • Kernel- and User-level rootkits • Loadable Kernel Module • Firmware rootkits

  5. Installation • Rootkit installation can be achieved in two ways • Trojan Horse • Root or administrator level access • Local or remote • UNIX rootkit installation process (LKM backdoor example) • Disable shell history • Setup directory structure for rootkit • Freeze system logs • Deploy backdoor

  6. Architecture • Scanner • Scans for vulnerable systems • Installer • Payload

  7. Payloads • Back doors • Packet sniffers • Log and file wipers • Denial of service

  8. Detection Evasion & System Manipulation • Techniques include • Masquerading • Hooking • Direct Kernel Object Manipulation (DKOM)

  9. Hooking and Masquerading • Rootkit payload pretending to be normal programs’ • Windows: using the System Service Dispatch Table (SSDT) https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1588822

  10. DKOM • Windows EPROCESS • Connected by double-linked lists • Rootkit processes hidden by unlinking themselves from the list https://www.symantec.com/avcenter/reference/when.malware.meets.rootkits.pdf

  11. Summary • Rootkits have effectively compromised systems by manipulating the core operating system processes • Different types of rootkits exist which compromise the system at different levels • Rootkits require administrator access to a system for installation and execution

  12. Questions?

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