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Announcement

Announcement. Activity 2 due March 20. Review from last class. What are some musical innovations Beethoven made? What is the Heiligenstadt Testament? How is Beethoven’s Fifth unified?. Classical sacred music. Not the most important type of music in this period, but some good examples of…

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Announcement

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  1. Announcement • Activity 2 due March 20

  2. Review from last class • What are some musical innovations Beethoven made? • What is the Heiligenstadt Testament? • How is Beethoven’s Fifth unified?

  3. Classical sacred music • Not the most important type of music in this period, but some good examples of… • Mass • Oratorio

  4. Haydn’s Creation • Listening guide 34 • Haydn was a fan of Handel’s oratorios.. • Heard them in London • Modeled on Handel, but in a more modern, 18th-c. style

  5. Haydn’s Creation • In English • Characters who sing: • the archangels (Raphael, Gabriel, Uriel) • Adam and Eve

  6. Haydn’s Creation • Opens with recitative (narration) • Opening depicts the earth being made out of chaos • How could creation be depicted in music? • a long CRESCENDO in the orchestra • In text recitative ext painting in next recitative?

  7. Haydn’s Creation • Chorus “The heavens are telling” • ABA form • Alternation of textures... • First homophonic chorus • Trio of archangels • Repeat of chorus, more polyphonic

  8. Classical Opera • Two types • 1. Opera seria (serious opera) • 2. Comic opera • These have very distinct styles of music

  9. Opera seria • serious subjects- legends, heros, ancient history and mythology • Very formulaic series of events

  10. Comic opera • down to earth subjects • acting is more fluid and realistic • Often deals with lower class characters • national types … • ballad opera- English text • Singspiel- German texts • opera buffa- Italian texts

  11. Mozart’s operas • Include all types • Most are in Italian (a few in German) • all with unsurpassed characterization in music • Different styles of music for different characters and events

  12. Mozart’s Marriage of Figaro • Italian comic opera (called opera buffa) • Play by Beaumarchais • banned in France by Louis XVI and in Vienna, because of its … • satire of the aristocracy -- servants outwit their masters • Allowed in Vienna when the Emperor saw Mozart’s version

  13. Mozart’s Marriage of Figaro • libretto (text) by Da Ponte (original play had to be shortened and translated into Italian) • Fusion of comic and serious elements (countess is treated like a “seria” character-from the upper classes) • Ensembles -- advance drama (not just recitative)

  14. Mozart’s Marriage of Figaro • Count and Countess-- rulers of the house • Figaro and Susanna - servants about to get married; the smarter characters in the opera • Cherubino- a teenager who flirts with everybody • Basilio- a gossip who likes to cause trouble

  15. Mozart’s Marriage of Figaro • Count has a crush on Susanna … • Even though she is Figaro’s fiance, the Count has the right to spent the night with her (because F. is his servant). • Cherubino has a crush on Susanna, AND on the Countess… WHY? … • because they are women • Earlier, the Count caught Cherubino hiding behind a chair: Cherubino had been flirting with another servant

  16. Opera vocabulary review • Recitative… • A speechlike style • No regular rhythm • Moves action along • Aria… • More lyrical • Regular rhythm

  17. Figaro: Scene 6-7, Act 1 • Aria: by Cherubino- sings/flirts with Susanna • expresses his irrepressible love for all women • Music is rhythmically urgent, capturing the spirit of his youthfulness.

  18. Recitative: Action I • Enter Count-- to seduce Susanna • Cherubino hides under a chair • Enter Basilio -- to work for the Count to get Susanna to like him • Count hides under the chair- AND • Cherubino slides to the front

  19. Recitative: Action II • Basilio - mentions that maybe Cherubino was Susana’s lover, not the Count • Count gets MAD and comes out of hiding • Susanna pretends to faint

  20. Ensemble (trio) • Characters react differently to situation and… • They sing differently, but somehow harmoniously • Count is brought to level of servants because has to play their game

  21. Ensemble (trio) • Count, Sussana, Basilio sing together • Count describes how he caught Cherubino flirting with another servant by lifting up a cover behind a chair • He demonstrates this-- and finds Cherubino AGAIN

  22. Ensemble (trio) • Mozart added ACTION to the ensemble • The ensemble is in Sonata-allegro form • Exposition with two themes • Development (Cheubino gets caught) • Recapituation with the two themes in the tonic

  23. Sacred music in Class. period • Not the most important genre… • But a number of

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