Perangkat-Perangkat Keras ( Hardwares )

1. Perangkat-PerangkatKeras (Hardwares) RahmatD.R.Dako, ST., M.Eng

2. TujuanPembelajaran • Mahasiswadapatmenjelaskansatuan-satuandalamsistemkomputer • Mahasiswadapatmenjelaskankomponen-komponensistemkomputer • Mahasiswadapatmenjelaskanevolusikomputer • Mahasiswadapatmembedakanragamkomputer

3. SatuandalamSistemKomputer Sistemkomputerbekerjadasarbilangan ? “biner” • Nilai 0 dan 1 disebut ? • “BIT” Contoh : 100000102 = 13010 “BYTE” Sebuah Byte  menyimpan “karakter” Contoh : (A – Z) or (a – z)  Standar  EBCDIC & ASCII Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code)  IBM American Standard Code for Information Interchange)  ANSI Selain EBCDIC & ASCII Unicode (16 bit) 0 dan 1

4. SatuandalamSistemKomputer (2) Sampelkode EBCDIC dan ASCII Gambar : pixel  800 x 600, 1024 x 768 Berkas (File) : kapasitas  kilobyte (KB), megabyte (MB)

5. SatuandalamSistemKomputer (3) Daftarsatuan yang menyatakanjumlah byte • Satuanwaktu milidetik, mikrodetik, nanodetik, pikodetik • Satuanfrekuensi  jumlahsiklusdalamsatudetik (Hertz)

6. SistemKomputer Komponen-KomponenSistemKomputer CPU Control Unit Aritmethic Logic Unit Bus Bus • Monitor • Printer • Plotter • etc Input Devices Main memory Output Devices Bus • Keyboard • Mouch • Touch screen • etc Bus • Hardisk • Disket • etc Secondary storage devices

7. Komponen-KomponenSistemKomputer • BUS • Bus data melewatkan data daridanke memory utama • Bus alamat mengirimkanisyarat yang menyatakanalamatdalam memory utama • Bus pengendali mengirimkanisyarat yang menyatakan data “dibaca” atau “ditulis” dariataudanke memory utama or I/O devices

8. Komponen-KomponenSistemKomputer (2) II. CPU : Central Processing Unit CPUsebuahmikroprosesordenganukuran yang relatifkecil. Mikroprosesor chip : kepinganbahansemikonduktor yang mengandungsejumlahkomponen. • Unit Kontrol (Control Unit) Mmengendalikanseluruhkomponendalamsistemkomputer. Pengendaliandidasarkanpadainstruksi-instruksi yang terdapatdalam program • Unit Aritmetika-Logika (Aritmethic Logic Unit) melaksanakanoperasi-operasiperhitungan (aritmetika) maupundalamperbandinganlogika. Memilikikomponen yang disebut “register” merupakan memory untukmenyimpanhasil-hasilsementaradariALU

9. Komponen-KomponenSistemKomputer (3) Kecepatan CPU CPUmenjalankansejumlahinstruksi per detik, jumlahinstruksidalamjutaansehinggadikenalistilahMIPS. Satuan MIPS inilahyang biasadigunakanuntukmenyatakanukurankecepatanprosesor. Namunada 4 faktor yang menyatakankecepatan CPU sesungguhnya : • Clock, memberikanpewaktuanpadaseluruhoperasidalamprosesor • word length (panjangkata) Jumlah bit yang dapatdiprosesolehprosesordalamsekalisiklus • bus width (lebar bus) kecepatan data yang dapatdisalurkandalam bus • rancanganprosesoritusendiri. Himpunaninstruksi yang disediakan, jumlahprosesor, pemakaian cache, dll.

10. Komponen-KomponenSistemKomputer (4) Floating Point-Unit, CISCdan RISC Floating Point Unit (Unit titikmengambang) Melaksanakanoperasiperhitunganbilangan real (floating point). CISC (Complex Instructions Set Computer) RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) CISC and RISC are set of instruction in hardware especially processor. Homework : about difference between of them (examples, advantages and disadvantages)

11. Komponen-KomponenSistemKomputer (5) MemoriUtama (Main Memory)  memori primer (primary memory) Memoriutamaberfungsi : • Menyimpan data yang berasaldariperantimasukansampai data dikirimkeALUuntukdiproses • Menyimpan data hasilpemrosesanALUsebelumdikirimkeperantikeluaran • Menampung program/instruksi yang berasaldariperantimasukanataudariperantipengingatsekunder.

12. Komponen-KomponenSistemKomputer(6) Memoridibedakanmenjadi : RAM (Random Access Memory) / Primary Memory ; Jenismemoriyang isinyadapatdiganti-gantiselamakomputerdihidupkandanmempunyaisifat “VOLATILE”, berkecepatantinggi, akses random.

13. Komponen-KomponenSistemKomputer(6) ROM (Read Only Memory) ; jenis memory yang hanyabisadibaca. Bersifat “NON VOLATILE”, berkecepatanrelatifrendah, danaksessekuensial. • Jenis-jenisROM : • PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory) • EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) • EEPROM(Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) • Flash Memory

14. Komponen-KomponenSistemKomputer(7) Cache Memory Memori yang memilikikecepatansangattinggi, yang digunakansebagaiperantaraantara RAM dan CPU. Memilikikecepatantinggidaripada RAM, tetapidenganharga yang lebihmahal Berfungsimenjembataniantaraprosesor yang memilikikecepatan yang sangattinggidengankecepatan RAM yang jauhlebihrendah. CPU Cache memory Memoriutama

15. Komponen-KomponenSistemKomputer(8) Motherboard

16. Komponen-KomponenSistemKomputer(9) Motherboard A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P

17. Komponen-KomponenSistemKomputer(10) • PCI Slot - This board has 2 PCI slots. These can be used for components such as Ethernet cards, sound cards, and modems. • PCI-E 16x Slot - There are 2 of them on this motherboard diagram, both are blue. These are used for your graphics card. With two of them onboard, you can run 2 graphics cards in SLI. You would only need this if you are a gamer, or working with high end video / graphics editing. These are the 16x speed versions, which are currently the fastest. • PCI-E 1x Slot - Single slot - In the PCIe1.x generation, each lane (1x) carries 250 MB/s compared to 133 MB/s for the PCI slots. These can be used for expansion cards such as Sound Cards, or Ethernet Cards. • Northbridge - This is the Northbridge for this motherboard. This allows communication between the CPU and the system memory and PCI-E slots. back

18. Komponen-KomponenSistemKomputer(11) • ATX12V2X and 4 Pin Power Connection Power Connection - This is one of two power connections that supply power to the motherboard. This connection will come from your Power Supply. • CPU-FanConnection - This is where your CPU fan will connect. Using this connection over one from your power supply will allow the motherboard to control the speed of your fan, based on the CPU temperature. • Socket- This is where your CPU will plug in. The orange bracket that is surrounding it is used for high end heat sinks. It helps to support the weight of the heat sink. • Memory Slots - These are the slots for your RAM. Most boards will have 4 slots, but some will only have 2. The color coding you see on the motherboard diagram is used to match up RAM for Dual-Channel. Using them this way will give your memory a speed boost. back

19. Komponen-KomponenSistemKomputer(12) • ATX Power Connector - This is the second of two power connections. This is the main power connection for the motherboard, and comes from the Power Supply. • IDE Connection - The IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) is the connection for your hard drive or CD / DVD drive. Most drives today come with SATA connections, so you may not use this. • Southbridge- This is the controller for components such as the PCI slots, onboard audio, and USB connections. • SATAConnections - These are 4 of the 6 SATA connections on the motherboard. These will be used for hard drives, and CD / DVD drives. back

20. Komponen-KomponenSistemKomputer(13) • Front Panel Connections - this is where you will hook in the connections from your case. These are mostly the different lights on your case, such as power on, hard drive activity etc. • FDDConnection - The FDD is the Floppy Disk controller. If you have a floppy disk drive in your computer, this is where you will hook it up. • External USB Connections - This is where you will plug in external USB connections for your case or USB bracket. • CMOSbattery - This is the motherboard's battery. This is used to allow the CMOS to keep its settings. back

21. Next Week… • Evolusikomputer, ragamkomputer • Lanjutanmateriperangkatkeraslainnya