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LING507 Linguistics The Nature of Language

LING507 Linguistics The Nature of Language . Lecture 1: What ıs language & lınguıstıcs ?. What is language ?. Sapir (1921:7) in Language

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LING507 Linguistics The Nature of Language

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  1. LING507 LinguisticsThe Nature of Language Asst. Prof. Dr. Emrah Görgülü Lecture 1: What ıs language & lınguıstıcs?

  2. What is language? • Sapir (1921:7) in Language Language is purelyhumanandnon-instinctivemethod of communicatingideas, emotionsanddesiresbymeans of voluntarilyproducedsymbols. • MarioPeiand Frank Gaynorin A Dictionary of Linguistics Language is a system of communicationbysound, throughtheorgans of speechandhearing, amonghumanbeings of a certaingrouporcommunity, usingvocalsymbolsposssessingarbitrarymeanings.

  3. (Some) Features of Language • Language is systematic • In natural verbal communication, people can learn and use a language consistently, showingthat language is systematic. • Language is symbolic • Languageis a symbolic system in the sense that there is no or little connection between thewordsthat people use and the objects these words referto. • Language is humanspecific • There are certain characteristics of human language that are not found in the communication systems of any other species.

  4. What is Linguistics? • Every human knows at least one language, spoken or signed. Linguistics is the science of language, including the sounds, words, grammar rulesandmeaning. • Linguistics is the study of language not just particular languages, but the system of human communication. Some of the basic issues of this field are: • What is languageandhowis it organized? • How is it analyzed? How are its units discovered and tested? • What do alllanuageshave in common? • How did language originate? What does it have in common with animal communication? How is it different?

  5. Thecoreareas of Linguistics • Phonetics • Thestudy of speechsounds (production, transmissionandperception) • [d], [θ], [i], [m] • Phonology • Thepatterning of sounds in a particularlanguage • kleptomania [kl], *lk…..; splint [spl], *lps… / -ngsound (only at theend of a word) • Morphology • Thestructureandformation of words • How manymorphemesdoes ‘antiestablishmentarian’ have? anti-establish-ment-arian / 4 morphemes

  6. Thecoreareas of Linguistics (cont’d) • Syntax • Thestudy of sententialstructure • Suesawthe car / Whosawthe car? / Whosawwhat? / *Whatdidwhosaw? • Semantics • Thestudy of linguisticmeaning • The boy atethe hamburger / #The hamburger atethe boy • Pragmatics • Language in context • Can youopenthewindow? / Haveyoustoppedbeatingyourdog?

  7. Linguisticsand Language Teaching • Language teaching usually refers to the teaching of anylanguage, either as a first language, second language or as a foreign language. • Both linguistics and language teaching takes languageas their subject. • Linguistics aims at exploring the generalprinciples upon which all languages are constructed andoperate as systems of communication. • The achievements of linguistic inquiry can be utilized for effective language teaching. The bridge between linguistics and language teaching is __appliedlinguistics_______.

  8. Linguisticsand Language Teaching • Inwhatwaysdoeslinguisticshelpthe English teacher in theclassroom?

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