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Pickar Dosage Calculation

Pickar Dosage Calculation. Summary of Text rules. Chapter 3. Systems Of Measurements. Metric Measurements and Equivalents. Weight. Metric Measurements and Equivalents. Volume. Household System of Measurement. Apothecary Notation.

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Pickar Dosage Calculation

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  1. Pickar Dosage Calculation Summary of Text rules

  2. Chapter 3 Systems Of Measurements

  3. Metric Measurements and Equivalents Weight

  4. Metric Measurements and Equivalents Volume

  5. Household System of Measurement

  6. Apothecary Notation • Due to information from our clinical partners and the Board of Nursing the following rule was developed. • We will accept documentation in the form of Roman numerals, Arabic numbers, decimals as well as fractions.

  7. Conversions: Metric, Apothecary, and Household Systems Chapter 4

  8. Metric Conversions MULTIPLY to convert from a larger unit to a smaller unit, or move the decimal point to the right.

  9. Metric Conversions • Example: 3 L = ? mL • THINK: Larger to Smaller: (×) • Equivalent: 1 L = 1,000 mL • 3 L = 3 ×1,000 or 3.000 = 3,000 mL

  10. Metric Conversions • DIVIDE to convert from a smaller unit to a larger unit, or move the decimal point to the left.

  11. Metric Conversions • Example: 400 mg = ? G • THINK: Smaller to Larger: () • Equivalent: 1 g = 1,000 mg • 400 mg = 400  1,000 or 400. = 0.4 g

  12. Shortcut Conversion • Rule

  13. Conversion • Example The physician ordered 125 mcg of digoxin to be given daily. Digoxin was supplied in 0.25 mg scored tablets. How many tablet(s) should be administered? 0.25mg x 1000mcg/mg = 250 mcg

  14. Conversion Clarifications • 1 in = 2.5 cm • 1 cup = 240 mL • 1 oz = 30 mL • 1kg = 2.2 lb We will not be using the grain (gr) measurement in our math calculations.

  15. Conversion • 40 kg = ? Lb 40 kg X 2.2lb/kg = 88 lb • 66lb = ? kg 66lb  2.2 kg/lb = 30 kg Remember you will round to tenths when needed. Example 5.23 will be rounded to 5.3

  16. Conversion • 40 cm = ? In 40 cm  2.5 cm/in =16 in • 32 in = ? cm 32 in x 2.5 cm/in = 80 cm

  17. Chapter 5 Conversions

  18. 24-Hour Clock

  19. Traditional and 24-Hour Clock

  20. Converting Between Traditional and International Time • Traditional time and international time are the same hours starting with 1:00 AM (0100) through 12:59 PM (1259). • Minutes after 12:00 AM (midnight) and before 1:00 AM are 0001 through 0059 in international time.

  21. Converting Between Traditional and International Time • Hours starting with 1:00 PM through 12:00 AM (midnight) are 12 h greater in international time (1300 through 2400) • International time is designated by a unique four-digit number (colon’s are not used)

  22. Converting Between Traditional and International Time • Math Tip between the hours of 1:00 PM (1300) and 12:00 AM (2400), add 1200 to traditional time to find the equivalent international time; subtract 1200 from international time to convert to equivalent traditional time.

  23. Converting Between Traditional and International Time • Example 1 3:00 PM = 3:00 + 1200 = 1500 • Example 2 2212 = 2212 – 1200 = 10:12 PM Addition review questions p 94

  24. Celsius and Fahrenheit Scales • Convert between Fahrenheit and Celsius temperatures:

  25. Celsius and Fahrenheit Scales • Convert 95˚ F to Celsius (First subtract 32 then divide the result by 1.8)

  26. Celsius and Fahrenheit Scales • Convert 35˚ C to Fahrenheit

  27. Chapter 6 Equipment Used in Dosage Measurement

  28. Medicine Cup • Medicine cup 1 fluid ounce or 30mL capacity for oral liquids. • Calibrated to measure teaspoons and tablespoons • Amounts less than 2.5 mL need to be measured in a smaller device, i.e. oral syringe 30 mL = 1 ounce 5 mL = 1 teaspoon 15 mL = 1 tablespoon

  29. Medicine Cups

  30. Calibrated Dropper

  31. Calibrated Dropper • Used to administer small quantities • Useful in medication of children and adults and adding small quantities to liquid • Dispense eye and ear medications

  32. Pediatric Oral Devices

  33. 3 mL Syringe • Calibrations read from top to the black ring of the suction plunger • Calibrated in milliliters for each tenth • Maximum volume administered in any one site is 3mL • Larger volumes of medications can be delivered in divided doses or added to IV infusions or administered IV push, therefore, syringes with 5,6,10, and 12 mL may be used

  34. 3 mL Syringe Luerlock syringe hub Plunger Needle Barrel Rubber plunger tip

  35. 3 mL Safety Syringe

  36. Prefilled Single Dose Syringe • Used only once and is discarded • Discard any extra medication prior to injection

  37. Prefilled Single Dose Syringe

  38. 1 mL Syringe • Also known as Tuberculin or TB syringe • Used to administer small doses • Calibrated in hundredths of a milliliter • Used to give dosages of less than 0.5 mL

  39. 1 mL Syringe

  40. Units -100 Insulin Syringe • Measurement and administration of units-100 insulin only • Do not use with any other medications • Syringe may be a standard units-100 or a Lo-dose units-100 for smaller doses

  41. Units -100 Insulin Syringe

  42. Safety Syringes • The needle is protected by a shield • Safety syringes are used to protect from injury

  43. Safety Syringes

  44. Safety Syringes

  45. Needle Gauge and Length • Needle’s gauge is it’s interior diameter. Lower the number the larger the diameter; 18-gauge needle is wider than a 22 gauge. • The gauge depends on the viscosity (thickness) of the medication as well as the site. • The viscous the solution and deeper injections require larger needles (lower gauge number) • Injection site (area of tissue to be reached) will determine the length to be used.

  46. Chapter 8 Understanding Drug Labels

  47. Drug Name • Brand, trade, proprietary Manufacturer’s name for a drug. It is usually the most prominent word on the drug label • Generic Established, nonproprietary name appears directly under the brand name. Sometimes it can be place inside

  48. Brand and Generic Names • Brand Name- Carafate • Generic Name- Sucralfate

  49. Dosage Strength • Dosage weight or amount of drug provided in a specific unit of measurement • 20 mg/ 2mL

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