Auditory Localization and Music Perception

1. Auditory Localization and Music Perception

2. Objectives: Be able to • Define interaural time difference, phase difference, sound shadow, and directional transfer difference. • Discuss the factors affecting auditory localization in humans. • Define tonal similarity, proximity, good continuation, and camouflage. • Discuss the principles of auditory grouping.

3. Tasks of Auditory Localization M is midline, S is Side

4. Problems of Auditory LocalizationVisual Localization uses different places on the retina.Auditory localization uses differences in signal processing between ears.

5. Interaural Time Difference Humans require at least 10 microseconds; cats 2 microseconds

6. Interaural Time Difference Implies Possible Interaural Phase Difference – Phase Difference is a Weak Cue

7. Sound shadow that would exist if head blocked all sound Lower frequencies bend or diffract around the head much better than do higher frequencies Path of sound to near (left) ear Path of sound to far (right) ear Sound Source

8. Designation of Localization Parameters

9. Interaural Time Difference Calculation

11. Effects of Frequency on Acoustic Shadow Minimal shadow with low frequencies, greater shadow with high frequencies. Practical Effects?

12. Interaural Intensity Differences as a Function of Sound Source LocationHigher Frequencies Have a Greater Effect

13. Directional Transfer Functions Directly in front (0), above the listener (+40) and below the listener (-40) Gives Azimuth Caused by Pinna Folds

14. Reflection Cue to Auditory Distance: Direct and indirect paths for sound

15. Discussion Question 52 • Discuss the factors affecting auditory localization in humans.

20. Music Perception

21. Some Auditory and Music Perception URL's • http://cf.hum.uva.nl/mmm/ • http://www.1729.com/blog/MusicPerception.html

22. Tone Chroma Circle

23. The Relation Between Tone Height and Tone Chroma

24. A Visual Analogue of the Circularity in Pitch Judgment Track 52

25. Beats – Track 62 • http://www.exploratorium.edu/music/index.html • http://library.thinkquest.org/19537/?tqskip1=1&tqtime=0612

26. Deutsch's Musical Illusion – Track 80

27. Piano Keyboard of one Octave +

28. Some Tonal Combinations

29. Auditory Scene Analysis • Tonal Similarity – Tone chroma • Tonal Proximity – Tone height • Good Continuation – Streaming • Camouflage – Combining tonal patterns • Location

30. http://www.psych.mcgill.ca/labs/auditory/01.wavStream segregation in a cycle of six tones.TEMPO

31. http://www.psych.mcgill.ca/labs/auditory/demo2.htmlPattern recognition, within and across perceptual streams.http://www.psych.mcgill.ca/labs/auditory/dem2B.wavOne vs two patterns and frequency separation

32. http://www.psych.mcgill.ca/labs/auditory/03.wavLoss of rhythmic information as a result of stream segregation.Frequency Similarity

33. http://www.psych.mcgill.ca/labs/auditory/07.wavStreaming in East African xylophone music.Separating two patterns

34. http://www.psych.mcgill.ca/labs/auditory/21.wavEffects of rate of onset on segregation.Temporal Separation

35. http://www.psych.mcgill.ca/labs/auditory/29.wavPerceptual continuation of a gliding tone through a noise burst.Good Continuation

36. Discussion Question 53 • Discuss the principles of auditory grouping.

37. Objectives: Be able to • Define interaural time difference, phase difference, sound shadow, and directional transfer difference. • Discuss the factors affecting auditory localization in humans. • Define tonal similarity, proximity, good continuation, and camouflage. • Discuss the principles of auditory grouping.