El Lince Ibérico

1. CASE STUDY ANIMAL MOVEMENT RISK ANALYSIS El Lince Ibérico IMPORTING ONE DAY OLD CHICKS FROM A EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRY Beatriz Catalán Catalán Beatriz Catalán Catalán

2. Study prepared by students of Preventive Medicine at School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saragossa Authors:Mar AraqueHerráiz.Lourdes CorrederaMartín.Beatriz CatalánCatalán.MaríaJesúsDíazMuñoz.AmaiaGarcía Alonso.Cristina GraciaJarabo.SofíaBernéPardos.Elsa BarreroÁlvarez-Caborno.Ares Ferreri Andrés. Supervision: Carmelo Ortega

3. THE CASE: A livestock producer who owns a poultry farm wishes to initiate a program to increase his animal production and imports a group of one day old chicks. Given this objective and considering the problems that it could lead to, he consulted the Official Veterinary Services about concerns and preventive measures that need to be carried out when importing chicks from EU countries. The veterinarian made special reference to the need for identifying critical points that may involve risk of introducing diseases, from both Animal Health and Public Health perspectives, and established the necessary preventive measures. Given this information, how would you approach the case? PREPARE THE WORK PLAN THAT YOU WOULD RECOMMEND

4. PLAN OF STUDY PREPARED BY THE AUTHORS FOR THE GIVEN CASE 1- List of diseases and their characteristics 1. Prepare a list of the diseases that should be considered when importing/exporting poultry from the EU. Prepare an epidemiologic study and the preventive methods for each disease. 2. Application of the risk analysis to the importation process; Identification of the critical points. 3. Preparation of preventive measuresforthese critical points.

5. List of diseases and their characteristics 1- List of the diseases and their characteristics Using the plan of work prepared by the authors for the case as a reference: Is it possible to prepare a list of diseases that should be considered when importing/exporting poultry from EU? With this list in mind is it possible to characterize the most important epidemiological characteristics and the theoretical control and preventive measures for each of these diseases? Proposal prepared by the authors:

6. Start with Risk Analysis • Whichcharacteristics do youconsider as keyinthe global processof a riskanalysis for this case? Prepared proposal:

7. Study of the critical points and suggested measusres • Identify the critical points (prepare a list) • It is recommended to prepare a chronological list of how they occur, from the place of origin to destination. • Given the critical points, which preventive measures would you recommend? Prepared proposal: Prepared proposal:

8. With this proposal of critical points; Is it possible to prepare a QUALITATIVE assessment of these risks, according to the model proposed by OIE, if this importation were to be carried out in your country? Prepare, explain and discuss the information used and the information trees (decision) prepared GROUP DISCUSSION END OF CASE

9. 2. IDENTIFICATION OF CRITICAL POINTS • At the place of origin: • Zoosanitary conditions of the country and the farm at the place of origin. • Vaccination plan and the health and hygiene measures of the farm at the place of origin. • In transport: • Health and sanitary conditions of the vehicle. • Qualification and hygiene of the involved personnel. • Conditions during loading of the animals. • Environmental and handling conditions during the trip. • Zoosanitary state of the countries of transit. • Possible contact with vectors and reservoirs. • Conditions during unloading of the animals. PUNTOS CRÍTICOS

10. PUNTOS CRÍTICOS • 3.At the destination: • Environmental and health and sanitary conditions of the farm. • Qualification and hygiene of the involved personnel. • Health management of the animals, their distribution and density. • Food and available drinking water. • Contact with corpses, vectors or animals that are carriers of infections.

11. 3. PREVENTIVE MEASURES • Before the transport: • Consider the zoosanitary condition of the exporting, transit and importing countries. • Determine the trade conditions between the importing and exporting countries. • Check the animals’ identification. • Request the International Veterinary Certificate, issued 24 hours before loading, which can be required by the transit countries. • Request the farm’s history. • Plan the trip (duration, itinerary, rest stops,…). MEDIDAS DE PREVENCIÓN

12. 2.During the transport: • Qualified driver and vehicle. • Good health and hygiene practices by the personnel who are in contact with the animals. • Load the chicks in appropriate boxes, respecting the allowed density. • Maintain adequate environmental conditions. • Minimizing the vehicle openings to avoid entrance of vectors. • Unloading by qualified personnel, respecting health and sanitary measures and the well-being of animals. MEDIDAS DE PREVENCIÓN

13. 3. At the destination farm: • Appropriate setup of the farm. • Cleaning and disinfection before arrival of the chicks. Everything in – everything out system. • Conditioning 24 - 48 hours before arrival of the chicks. • Supervision of the chicks upon arrival, sampling, weight control, and removal of dead bodies, if any. • Establishment of a vaccination plan. • Establishment of adequate environmental conditions and daily control of animals during the entire period of productivity. • Restricting access to the farm and requiring personnel and visitors to comply with the health and hygiene measures in place. MEDIDAS DE PREVENCIÓN

14. Environmental Conditions: • A temperature of 31-33ºC in the box. • A temperature of 28º C in the truck (plastic box) or 20ºC (cardboard box). • Relative humidity of 70%. • No food or water if the trip is less than 24 hours and is completed within 72 hours of hatching (they feed from the yolk). • Environmental control from a device placed in the cab of the truck. • Constant maintenance of these conditions to avoid animal stress.

15. The farm: • Build a fence around the entire farm, enclosing an area without vegetation and covered with cement or similar material, to avoid the presence of wild animals, insects or rodents. • Different entrance for personnel and vehicles, equipped with foot and wheel baths. • Roof and wall isolation to maintain the environmental conditions and avoid contact with animals or reservoirs. • Inner surfaces of a smooth and impermeable material that facilitates cleaning and disinfection. • If there are windows, they must have mosquito nets to block the entrance of animals. • Installation of changing rooms and baths for personnel and visitors.

16. Cleaning and disinfection of the hatchery: • Do not mix the new chicks with those already in the aviary: • Everything in – everything out. • Dismount the material and take it outside to be washed and disinfected. • Sweep and scrape to eliminate remains of feces and the previous batch’s bedding. • Use pressurized hot water and detergent for cleaning. • Rinse to eliminate any remaining detergent. •  Disinfect using sprays or fumigation with formaldehyde, with closed doors and windows. Allow enough time to take effect. • Wait at least 24 hours before introducing the animals.

17. Conditioning of the hatchery: • Heat the hatchery to a temperature of 30-32ºC. • Clean bedding of 7-8 cm thick. • Good distribution and sufficient number of feed troughs and water containers. • Calculate everything based on a density of 4-5 kg/m2.

18. Plano vacinal: • After arrival, the chicks are to be vaccinated against Bronquite with coarse spray. This is best done in the dark and grouping the chicks together. • At two weeks, the Gumboro vaccine should be administered in the clean, fresh drinking water, in the morning, with food and after water withdrawal. • Newcastle vaccination by spraying should also be administered at two weeks . Vacunación en agua de bebida.

19. Environmental conditions: • Environmental requirements vary depending on the age of the animals, so it is necessary to have heating and ventilation systems that allow for proper adjustment. • After 10 days, lower the temperature 2ºC / week until you reach 20-22ºC. In the summer a cooling system should be used to prevent an increase in the temperature. • Ventilation should be increased up to 0.6m3/hour/kg, to avoid excess ammonia. • Gradually decrease the density so that it does not exceed 30 Kg/m2. • Have at lease two hours of darkness each day. • Daily inspections throughout the entire productive cycle, monitoring consumption, weight, injury, … and removal of corpses.

20. Suggested stages for carrying out this risk analysis 1- Stages to consider in an importation: Origin / Transit / Destination 2- Preparing a hypothesis: Defining the points that are, theoretically, important for assessing illness in animals at these three stages of transport. 3- Identify which points, suggested in the hypothesis, are present in importation (identification of critical points, which could be different for each country and import conditions) 4- Risk assessment that considers these points critical. Qualitative or quantitative assessment of each critical point as well as the global risk. (group the critical points by Emission / Exposure / Consequences risk). 5- Suggest preventive measures to avoid the risk of these identified points. ARs