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Ch. 16 Sec. 2. Heat and Thermodynamics. Transfer of thermal energy through direct contact. Conductors – metals Insulators – wood, plastic, fiberglass, styrofoam, air, etc. Conduction. Convection.
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Ch. 16 Sec. 2 Heat and Thermodynamics
Transfer of thermal energy through direct contact Conductors – metals Insulators – wood, plastic, fiberglass, styrofoam, air, etc. Conduction
Convection • Convection – transfer of heat in a fluid that creates currents due to differences in temp. • Ex. Weather, force-air heating systems, etc.
transfer of energy by EM waves. Ex. Sun, fireplace, etc. Radiation
Thermodynamics • Study of conversions between heat and other forms of energy • Heat and work increase thermal energy. • 1st Law: Thermal energy system = work done on a system + heat transferred. • Energy is conserved • 2nd Law: It is impossible for heat to flow from a cool object to a warm object unless work is done.
1st Law of Thermodynamics • Typical thermodynamic system, showing input from a heat source (boiler) on the left and output to a heat sink (condenser) on the right. Work is extracted, in this case by a series of pistons.
Thermodynamics • 3rd Law • Absolute Zero cannot be reached: 0 Kelvin • Scientists can almost reach absolute zero