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UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN

UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN. AZHAR IQBAL KHAN M.Phil Student Iqra University , 01 December , 2013. 2. Constitution of Pakistan. 3. Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 1973 – Article 37-b.

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UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN

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  1. UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN AZHAR IQBAL KHAN M.PhilStudent IqraUniversity, 01 December,2013 2

  2. Constitution of Pakistan 3

  3. Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 1973 – Article 37-b “The State shall remove illiteracy and provide free and compulsory secondary education within minimum possible period” 4

  4. Six Goals of Dakar - EFA 1. ECCE - Early Childhood care and education. 2. UPE - Free and compulsory basic education . 3. Learning opportunities for Young & Adults. 4. Literacy Rate (50% improvement). 5. Gender equality - elimination of gender disparities. 6. Quality of education - Learning achievement.

  5. MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS (MDGs) RELATED TO EDUCATION

  6. EDUCATION SCENARIO 8

  7. EDUCATION BUDGET AS % AGE OF GDP (2005-06): SOUTH ASIA Source: EFA Global Monitoring Report 2008 10

  8. GOAL 2 – PRIMARY EDUCATION “Ensuring that by 2015 all children with special emphasis on girls and children in difficult circumstances have access to and complete free and compulsory primary education of good quality.” 2011-12 57 64 53 50 39 11 Source: Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement (PSLM) Survey 2011-12

  9. NATIONAL AND PROVINCIAL NER AT PRIMARY LEVEL Source: Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey, 2011-12 *: Results of Balochistan are not representative as 57 areas out of 160 areas have been dropped from scope of Survey due to security prevailing situation in Balochistan 12

  10. NATIONAL AND PROVINCIAL NER AT PRIMARY LEVEL 13 Source: Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey, 2011-12

  11. Source: Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement (PSLM) Survey 2011-12 PROGRESS TOWARDS GOAL 2 AT NATIONAL LEVEL 14

  12. 120 100 100 80 49 60 40 20 0 2010/11 EFA 2015 COMPLETION / SURVIVAL RATETILL GRADE V Completion/survival rates to Grade V slipped during the past five years – from 67.1% in 2004/05 and 52.3% in 2007/08 to 49% in 2010/11. This be expected to rise, at the most to 70% by 2015. 15

  13. Student to teacher ratio in average; private schools 30:1 Govt. schools 50:1 STUDENT – TEACHER RATIO Source: EFA Global Monitoring Report 2008

  14. DISTRIBUTION OF PRIMARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS • In Pakistan there are a total of 154,641 primary schools • 136,672 (88%) are in the public sector • 17,969 (12%) are in the private sector Source: Pakistan Education Statistics Shown in AEPAM Report 2010-11

  15. SECTOR WISE DISTRIBUTION OFPRIMAY STAGE ENROLMENT • The primary stage of education in Pakistan enrolls 16.894 million learners/students • 11.664 million (69%) are in public sector • 5.230 million (31%) are in private sector Source: Pakistan Education Statistics Shown in AEPAM Report 2010-11

  16. GENDER WISE DISTRIBUTION OFPRIMARY STAGE ENROLMENT Out of the total enrolment at primary stage: • 9.441 million (56%) are boys • 7.543 million (44%) are girls Source: Pakistan Education Statistics Shown in AEPAM Report 2010-11

  17. SECTOR WISE DISTRIBUTION OFPRIMAY SCHOOL'S TEACHERS • Source: Pakistan Education Statistics Shown in AEPAM Report 2010-11 • The total number of primary teachers are 436,928: • 345,477 (79%) are in public sector • 91,451 (21%) are in private sector

  18. GENDER WISE DISTRIBUTION OFPRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS • Source: Pakistan Education Statistics Shown in AEPAM Report 2010-11 • Male primary school teachers are 229,920 (53%) • Female primary teachers are 207,008 (47%)

  19. MAJOR CHALLENGES AND BARRIERS • Insufficient Political Will • Weak Organizational structure, low planning and implementation capacity • Lack of physical facilities including electricity, furniture, washrooms etc • Lack of effective Monitoring and Evaluation System and weak supervision • Weakened Governance • Poor Quality of Teachers & Managers 22

  20. MAJOR CHALLENGES AND BARRIERS • Quality of curriculum, textbooks & exams • Low level of literacy • Un-attractive school environment • Out of school children & High Dropouts • Weak Public Private Partnership • In-adequate financing • Gender inequity • Inconvenient school location 23

  21. STEPS TAKEN TO ACCELERATE PROGRESS ON UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION • NFBE Schools established as BECS (14,000) and enrollment is 500,000 • Through 18th Constitutional Amendment under Article 25(A) introduced free and compulsory education of age group (5-16) as a fundamental right • Provinces have launched a massive campaign for enrollment of Out-of-School Children • Primary Education has been made free and textbooks are provided free of cost

  22. STEPS TAKEN (cont….) • In order to promote public-private partnerships, Education Foundations have been set up in all the four provinces • Effective Monitoring and Supervision System, Reforms and Assessment Examination System and Need Based Literacy, Functional Literacy and Skill Literacy Program planned • Grant of stipends and incentives to girls students and female teachers • Basic education takes over almost 50% of education budget

  23. STEPS TAKEN (cont….) • Setting up of primary schools for each village in hand • Providing missing facilities and capacity building of existing schools • Under devolution Ordinance 2000, community has been empowered to participate in the school management • School up-gradation through conventional and non-conventional means to reduce the current imbalances • English language teaching has been introduced from class-1 • Shift towards vocational / technical training

  24. STEPS TAKEN (cont….) • Curriculum for Early Childhood Education have been developed • 554 ECE Centres have been introduced in formal primary education • National Education Management Information System (NEMIS) being setup at Federal level • Existing Education Management Information System (EMIS) at Provincial and District levels shall be strengthened to make them responsive

  25. Thank you

  26. Steps taken (cont….) Quality Assurance Initiatives: • Improvement in provision of infrastructure and human resources for primary education. • Provision of improved curriculum and teaching-learning materials to improve the quality of teaching-learning process. • Attention to continuous professional development of teaches. • Establishment of Educational Assessment System. • Strengthening and up-gradation of Teacher Training institutions. • Setting-up Academic Audit through linkage of cash awards / incentives with quality. • Developing a National Strategy for Information Communication Technologies (ICTs). • Setting up Examination Board in private sector.

  27. Towards better quality: a holistic approach Start withlearners and take all actorsintoaccount

  28. In the classroom:pedagogical renewal Rigid chalk and talk pedagogy is widespread • Discovery-based pedagogiespioneered in many programmes are difficult to implement on national scale in resource-constrained contexts • Structured teachingis a pragmatic option in low-income settings. Teacher presents material in small steps, checks student understanding and encourages interaction • Regular assessment and feedbackimproves learning

  29. Beyond the classroom: policies conducive to better quality • Governance: school leadership, room for consultation between teachers, governments and other stakeholders on curriculum, employment and working conditions • Participatory learning networksand professional advisory bodies to encourage sharing of best practice • Combating corrupt practices:fraud in public tendering for school buildings and textbooks, nepotism and bribes in teacher appointment and examinations • Equity: reducing regional and social inequalities advances education for all

  30. Wrapping up • Educationquantity and qualityare complements, not substitutes • Successful qualitative reforms require: • Prime attention to quality of teaching profession • Strong leading role by government • A societal project for improving education • Policy continuity over time

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