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Natural Gas and Synthetic Oil

Natural Gas and Synthetic Oil. Erin Robinson A.P.E.S. 1-28-2009. Natural Gas. The main ingredient in natural gas is methane, a gas (or compound) composed of one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms. Millions of years ago, the remains of plants and animals decayed and built up in thick layers.

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Natural Gas and Synthetic Oil

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  1. Natural Gas and Synthetic Oil Erin Robinson A.P.E.S. 1-28-2009

  2. Natural Gas • The main ingredient in natural gas is methane, a gas (or compound) composed of one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms. • Millions of years ago, the remains of plants and animals decayed and built up in thick layers. • Over time, the sand and silt changed to rock, covered the organic material, and trapped it beneath the rock. • Pressure and heat changed some of this organic material into coal, some into oil (petroleum), and some into natural gas.

  3. Uses of Natural Gas • The United States used 23.8 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, matching the record high set in 2000. • Natural gas is also used in homes to fuel stoves, water heaters, clothes dryers, and other household appliances. • Natural gas is used to produce: • Steel • Glass • Paper • Clothing • Brick • Electricity • Some products that use natural gas as a raw material are: • paints • fertilizer • plastics • dyes

  4. Natural Gas Processing • The image below is a schematic block flow diagram of a typical natural gas processing plant. • It shows the various unit processes used to convert raw natural gas into sales gas pipelined.

  5. Synthetic Oil • Synthetic Oilis a lubricant consisting of chemical compounds which are artificially made from compounds. • Synthetic oil is used as a substitute for lubricant refined from petroleum. • It generally provides superior mechanical and chemical properties than those found in traditional mineral oils.

  6. Grades of Oil Motor Oils are derived from base stocks. • Group I and II - these are mineral oils derived from crude oil • Group III - this is a highly refined mineral oil made through a process called hydrocracking. In North America this group is considered a synthetic oil, for marketing purposes. • Group IV - these are true synthetic oils, known as Polyalphaolefin (PAO). • Group V - these are synthetic stocks other than PAO's and include esters and other compounds.

  7. Advantages • The technical advantages of synthetic oils include: • Measurably better low and high temperature viscosity performance • Better chemical & shear stability • Decreased evaporative loss • Resistance to oxidation, thermal breakdown and oil sludge problems • Extended drain intervals with the environmental benefit of less oil waste. • Improved fuel economy in certain engine configurations. • Better lubrication on cold starts • Longer lasting engine life

  8. Refrences • http://www.synthetic-oil-technology.info/ • http://neptune.spacebears.com/cars/stories/oil-life.html • http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/kids/energy.cfm?page=natural_gas_home-basics • http://www.need.org/needpdf/infobook_activities/SecInfo/NGasS.pdf

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