1 / 23

Status of Exotic Animals in Taiwan Through a Survey of Pet Trade

Status of Exotic Animals in Taiwan Through a Survey of Pet Trade. Shih-hsiung Liang, Jiun-hong Chen, Ping-chun Hou, Ming-chung Tu, and Bao-sen Shieh Professor Dept. of Biotechnology National Kaohsiung Normal University. Economic Damage of invasion animals. 1906 – 1991

damia
Download Presentation

Status of Exotic Animals in Taiwan Through a Survey of Pet Trade

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Status of Exotic Animals in Taiwan Through a Survey of Pet Trade Shih-hsiung Liang, Jiun-hong Chen, Ping-chun Hou, Ming-chung Tu, and Bao-sen Shieh Professor Dept. of Biotechnology National Kaohsiung Normal University

  2. Economic Damage of invasion animals • 1906 – 1991 3 invasive aquatic invertebrate – $1,207 million US (US Congress 1993) • 2001 – $ 336 Billion US US, UK, Australia, South Africa, India, and Brazil (Pimentel et al. 2001)

  3. Negative Impact of Invasion Animals • Predation • Competition • Hybridization • Disease and parasite • Ecosystem Modification • Threat to human safety and health • others

  4. Invasion Mechanism • Shipping – hulls, ballast water, and dry ballast • Non-Shipping – Commercial enterprises (agriculture, seafood, bait, and pet trade) Research and Education Use (public aquarium and universities) Private and Government activities (biocontrol, man-made canal, and restoration) (Shannon et al. 2005)

  5. Pet trade is an important pathway of animal invasion • Aquarium ornamental trade is the most important pathway of invasion by nonindigenous species worldwide (USGG 2003, Hayes et al. 2005) • 1/3 of the IUCN listed 100 worst invasive species originate from aquarium or ornamental release (Padilla and Williams, 2004)

  6. Invasion animals through pet trade in Taiwan

  7. objectives • to establish the species list of exotic animals, including aquatic invertebrates, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, and birds, in pet trade of Taiwan • To identify pet animals with high invasion risk • To suggest management strategies to prevent further invasion of exotic pet animals

  8. Materials and Methods • Sampling Period: March 2004 – Feb. 2005, and survey continued annually until 2009 • Sampling location: Urban regions in Northern, Central, and Southern Taiwan • Sampling sites: pet shop, aquarium, night market, wholesaler, chain store • Sampling frequency: seasonal (4 times/yr) • Invasive potential : based on the recorded number, appeared frequency, native geographic region, and known invasive situation around the world

  9. Survey Result 1266 pet shops, more than 1600 shop-records, and greater than 1000 exotic species were documented

  10. Invertebrate • 993 recorded species, 109 commonly imported species (freshwater 13, Marine 96) • Freshwater: mainly Decapoda (62%) and Gastropoda (38%) (shrimp, crayfish, and snail) • Marine:Anthozoa (73%) and Decapoda (11%) (coral, shrimp, anemone, crab, clam, starfish, sea cucumber) • Tropical Asia region are the major imported locations; Freshwater 60% (119/199), Marine (Pacific and Indo-Pacific region 68.2% (677/993). • Freshwater species, especially snails, may have a higher invasive potential in Taiwan

  11. Exotic invertebrate with higher invasive potential Cribrinopsis crassa Alcyonium palmatum Pomacea bridge Phyllorhiza punctata Lima scabra Cherax destructor Procambarus clarkii Indoplanorbis exustus

  12. Fish • 836 commercial names, 293 exotic species in 48 families • Native geographic regions: mainly from tropical area Africa (110, 37.5%), Central & South America (101, 34.5%), Asia (59, 20.1%), others (23, 7.8%) • 16 invasion species, 12 are still commercialize • Invasion species Belontiidae (6, 37.5%), Cichilidae (4, 25%), Loricariidae (2), Cyprinidae (2), Poeciliidae (2) • Current invasion pet fishes are mainly Asian and Central & South American species with high pollution tolerance, flexible feeding habits, and young-protection behavior

  13. Exotic fish species with higher invasive potential Cichlasoma salvini七彩波羅 Cichlasoma citrinellum紅魔鬼 Cichlasoma managuense珍珠石斑 Geophagus brasiliensis鑽石藍星 Barbodes schwanenfeldii泰國鯽 Hypostomus plecostomus琵琶鼠魚 Trichogaster leeri珍珠馬甲 Trichogaster labiosa大紅麗麗 Trichogaster trichopterus青萬隆 Trichogaster lalia一片藍麗麗 Poecilia reticulate孔雀魚

  14. Amphibian • 52 species in 15 families (3 native, 49 exotics, exotic/native ratio: 16) • Native geographic regions: North and South America (27, 51.9%), Africa (19, 36.5%), Asia (15, 28.8%), and others (3, 5.8%) • Families with higher recorded number Dendrobatidae (10), Hylidae (6), Leptodactylidae (6), Mantellidae (6) • 16 species are listed in CITES Appendix II • Most frequently displayed species: horned frog (Ceratophrys cranwelli), American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) • Invasion species: Asian painted frog (Kaloula pulchra), American bullfrog

  15. Exotic amphibian species with higher invasive potential Litoria caerulea懷特樹蛙 Cynops orientalis中國火龍 Lepidobatrachus laevis圓眼珍珠蛙 Ceratophrys cranwelli綠角蛙 Rana catesbeiana美洲牛蛙 Dyscophus guineti蕃茄蛙 Xenopus laevis非洲爪蟾 Lepidobatrachus llanensis貓眼珍珠蛙

  16. Reptile • 239 exotic species in 32 families: Lizard (126, 52.7%), turtle (85, 35.6%), snake (26, 10.9%), gator (2, 0.8%) • 111 species are listed in CITES Appendix I, II, and III • Larger pet shop carry most of species (89%, 213/239) • Seasonal turnover rate is high, averaged 31.5% (seasonal new species: Jun-Aug 29, Sep-Nov 22, Dec-Feb 22) • At least 14 species are considered dangerous to human

  17. Exotic reptile species with higher invasive potential Macroclemys temmincki鱷龜 Pseudemys concinna甜甜龜 Carettochelys insculpta豬鼻龜 Trachemys scripta elegans紅耳泥龜 Iguana iguana綠鬣蜥 Geochelone elegans印度星龜 Lampropeltis getula californiae加州王蛇 Eublepharis macularius豹紋守宮

  18. Uniqueness of pet Amphibian and Reptile in 3 major urban regions in Taiwan Amphibian Reptile Northern Central Southern Northern Central Southern • Whole sales imported different animals from different countries in different seasons (mean averaged uniqueness %: approximately 30%). • The pet wholesalers in 3 major urban regions in Taiwan are independent, indicating each region has its own suppliers.

  19. Bird • 2005 survey: 261 exotic species in 28 families, 1995 survey: 85 exotic species, Increase more than 3 times in 10 yr Based on these two surveys, at least 290 exotic pet birds are imported into Taiwan in the last 10 years. • 93 species escaped, 28 (30.1%) in 11 families breeding in wild • Bird families with statistically significant higher escaping and breeding rate than the others Greater Escaping rate: Sturnidae (19, 19/23), Timaliidae (8, 8/14), Cacatuidae (7, 7/11), Pycnonotidae (4, 4/5) Higher breeding rate: Estrildidae (6, 6/10)

  20. Exotic bird species with higher invasive potential 3.白頭文鳥 1.爪哇雀 2.白尾八哥 4.大陸畫眉 5.栗腹文鳥 8.葵花鳳頭鸚鵡 7.紅色吸蜜鸚鵡 10.九官鳥 6.家八哥 9.印度銀嘴文鳥

  21. Conclusions (I) • Pet trade is an important pathway of animal invasion in Taiwan Commercial exotic/native species ratio = Fish 100%; Amphibian 16; Reptile 33; Bird 4 • Regional pet wholesalers and chain stores need to be monitored 1. Wholesalers carried most exotic animal species 2. Seasonal imported different animal species from different countries 3. Regional wholesaler in major cities of Taiwan might be independent, especially for amphibian and reptile

  22. Conclusions (II) • Currently, Invasion pet animals in Taiwan are mainly originated from tropical Asia and central/south America • Potential regulation and management suggestions 1. establish foster home program by retailers 2. Education display at public aquarium and museum, pet shop, school, 3. Higher custom duty or selling tax 4. Risk assessment and management priority index (in progress) • “Prayer animal release” are required to be monitored and regulated

  23. Thank You This study is supported by Forestry Bureau,Council of Agriculture, Executive YenTaiwan, ROC

More Related