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Gibraltar

Gibraltar. Steven Dutch University of Wisconsin – Green Bay. Gibraltar. Strait of Gibraltar. View of Gibraltar. Gibraltar. May have been inhabited 100,000 years ago 20,000 years ago: The Last Neanderthals? One of the two pillars of Hercules No strategic significance in ancient times

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Gibraltar

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  1. Gibraltar Steven DutchUniversity of Wisconsin – Green Bay

  2. Gibraltar

  3. Strait of Gibraltar

  4. View of Gibraltar

  5. Gibraltar • May have been inhabited 100,000 years ago • 20,000 years ago: The Last Neanderthals? • One of the two pillars of Hercules • No strategic significance in ancient times • No water, wood, arable land, safe anchorage • Tariq ibn Zayid lands nearby in 711 • Jebel al-Tariq  Gibraltar

  6. Gibraltar • Spain recaptures Gibraltar 1462 • Dutch fleet destroys Spanish fleet 1607 • Philip II dies childless in 1700 • Two rival claimants: French and Austrian • War of the Spanish Succession • Britain takes Gibraltar, 1704 • British Gibraltar • Base against pirates • Bargaining chip

  7. First Known View, 1567

  8. British Gibraltar • Spain did not like losing Gibraltar (and still not happy about it) • Numerous attempts to recapture • Great Siege 1779-1782 • Siege ends when Britain returns Florida and Minorca to Spain • You didn’t even know Britain owned Florida, did you? • Crimean War (1854-56) and Suez Canal (1867) finally make strategic value obvious

  9. Gibraltar in World War II • 1939: Airfield Constructed • 1940: Most civilians evacuated • 1940: Vichy French air raids • 1940-43: Italian air and frogman raids • Sabotage by Spanish Agents Working for Germany • 1940-41: Operation Felix • German plan to capture Gibraltar • Spanish refuse to cooperate

  10. Gibraltar in World War II • 1941-42: Operation Tracer • Stay-behind team in case of German capture • 1942: North African campaign • Eisenhower uses Gibraltar as HQ • 30 miles of tunnels dug, housed 30,000 troops • Gibraltar has more tunnel than road • After 1943, Gibraltar became a Rear Supply Base

  11. View From the Top

  12. The Moorish Castle

  13. Waterfall on Gibraltar

  14. Waterfall on Gibraltar

  15. The Real Owners of Gibraltar

  16. Riddled With Caves

  17. St. Michael’s Cavern

  18. Great Siege Tunnels

  19. WWII Tunnel

  20. How Did Gibraltar Come to Be?

  21. The Mediterranean, 200 m.y.

  22. The Mediterranean, 195 m.y.

  23. The Mediterranean, 175 m.y.

  24. The Mediterranean, 165 m.y.

  25. The Mediterranean, 148 m.y.

  26. The Mediterranean, 123 m.y.

  27. The Mediterranean, 110 m.y.

  28. The Mediterranean, 80 m.y.

  29. The Mediterranean, 63 m.y.

  30. The Mediterranean, 53 m.y.

  31. 20 Million Years Ago

  32. 15 Million Years Ago

  33. 6 Million Years Ago

  34. Filling the Mediterranean National Geographic, January, 1973

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