Sound Devices “producing music in poetry”

1. Sound Devices“producing music in poetry” • Alliteration: the repetition of beginning consonant sounds in two or more words near each other I have stood still and stopped the sound of feet or For the moon never beams without bringing me dreams Of the beautiful Annabel Lee

2. Assonance: when the vowel sound is repeated in the middle of more than one word where the other sounds are different And so, all the night tide, I lie down by the side Of my darling – my darling – my life and my bride. Which of these is an example of assonance? 1. wine, dine 2. wine, pie

3. Consonance: when the consonant sound is repeated at the end of words and the vowel sounds are different Examples: “hot” and “cat” or “young” and “strong” What a tale their terror tells Which of these examples is consonance? a. sat, cat b. sat, pit

4. Diction: a writer’s choice of words • Formal, informal, slang, poetic, ornate, abstract, etc. Identify the diction: “You are all kindness, Madame; but we must abide by our original plan.” (Pride & Prejudice) “Ain’t everybody’s daddy the deadest shot in Maycomb County?” (To Kill a Mockingbird)

5. Iambic Pentameter “The Art of the Poet” • 10-syllable lines of rhymed, unstressed/stress meter. The stressed syllables are purple. ‘T’is three o’clock; and, Romans, yet ere night We shall try fortune in a second fight FYI: Shakespeare’s plays are about 90 % verse and 6% prose

6. Label the unstressed/stressed syllables And after this let Caesar seat him sure: For we will shake him, or worse days endure. Cassius: I.ii.321-322 When iambic pentameter is read out loud it will follow a beat such as –da DUM, da-DUM or toe-heel, toe-heel

7. Rhythm & Meter • Meter: regular rhythm involving stressed and unstressed syllables Types of Feet Iamb: - / Anapest: - - / Trochee: / - Dactyl: / - - Spondee: / / *Each of these are one metrical foot Label the meter in each of these lines: Because I could not stop for death He kindly stopped for me. Types of Meter Dimeter – 2 feet Tetrameter – 4 feet Trimeter – 3 feet Pentameter – 5 feet iambic tetrameter iambic trimeter

8. Poetry scansion: when you mark the syllables and the rhyme scheme Hickory Dickory Dock,The mouse ran up the clock.The clock struck one,The mouse ran down!Hickory Dickory Dock.

9. Onomatopoeia: the use of words to imitate the sounds they describe “crack” or “whir” “Gr-r-r—there go, my heart’s abhorrence!”

10. Rhyme: when the ending vowel and consonant sounds are the same in two or more words. • End rhyme: words rhyming at the end of poetic lines It's enough to make me weep... And all because of that little creep • Internal rhyme: one or both rhyming words occur in the middle of a line For the moon never beams without bringing me dreams

11. Scan these lines Nothing Gold Can Stayby Robert FrostNature's first green is gold,Her hardest hue to hold.Her early leaf's a flower;But only so an hour.Then leaf subsides to leaf.So Eden sank to grief,So dawn goes down to day.Nothing gold can stay.

12. Identify the sound devices Stopping By Woods On A Snowy Evening by Robert Frost Whose woods these are I think I know. (consonance ) His house is in the village though;He will not see me stopping here (assonance)To watch his woods fill up with snow. (alliteration)My little horse must think it queerTo stop without a farmhouse near (assonance)Between the woods and frozen lake (consonance) The darkest evening of the year.He gives his harness bells a shake To ask if there is some mistake. (consonance)The only other sound's the sweep (alliteration)Of easy wind and downy flake.The woods are lovely, dark and deep.But I have promises to keep,And miles to go before I sleep,And miles to go before I sleep.

13. Free Verse Assignment: • write a paragraph entitled “Who Am I” • break the paragraph into lines • revise the lines until they look, feel, and sound right to you • turn in your poem