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IPv6 Protocol (headers & options)

IPv6 Protocol (headers & options). 6DEPLOY. IPv6 Deployment and Support. Updates. B. Tuy 20/05/2008. Agenda. IPv6 Header Comparison with IPv4 IPv6 optional headers (extensions) Processing IPv6 headers Comparison with IPv4. Options. IPv4 Header. 32 bits. Ver. IHL. ToS. Total Length.

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IPv6 Protocol (headers & options)

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  1. IPv6 Protocol (headers & options) 6DEPLOY. IPv6 Deployment and Support

  2. Updates B. Tuy 20/05/2008

  3. Agenda • IPv6 Header • Comparison with IPv4 • IPv6 optional headers (extensions) • Processing IPv6 headers • Comparison with IPv4

  4. Options IPv4 Header 32 bits Ver. IHL ToS Total Length Identifier flags fragment 20 Bytes TTL Protocol Checksum Source Address Destination Address

  5. IPv6 Header simplification 32 bits Ver. Traffic Class Flow label Payload length Next Header Hop Limit Source Address 40 Bytes Destination Address (Extensions) Data

  6. IPv6: optional Extensions • New “mechanism” replacing IPv4 options • An IPv6 extension : • Every extension has its own message format • Is a n x 8-byte datagram • Starts with a 1-byte ‘Next Header’ field • Pointing to either another extension or a L-4 protocol • Hop-by-hop (jumbogram, router alert) • Always the first extension • Analyzed by every router. • Destination • Routing (loose source routing) • Fragmentation • Security • Authentication (AH) • Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) : confidentiality

  7. Processed by every router Processed only by the destination After reassembling the packet Processed by the destination List of routers to cross Processed by routers listed in Routing extension Cipher the content of the remaining information Order is important (RFC 2460) IPv6 Hop by hop Destination Routing Fragmentation Authentication Security Destination Upper Layer

  8. IPv6 Header Next Header = TCP TCP Header + DATA IPv6 Header Next Header = Routing Routing Header Next Header = TCP TCP Header + DATA IPv6 Header Next Header = Routing Routing Header Next Header = Fragment Fragment Header Next Header = TCP TCP Header + DATA IPv6: Optional headers

  9. A -> R1 A -> B B R1 IPv4 header options processing A R1 IPv4 options : processed in each router slow down packets B

  10. A -> B A -> R1 R1 B IPv6 ext. header processing A R1 IPv6extensions (except Hop-by-Hop)are processed only by the destination. B

  11. Conclusion • Main changes in IPv6 protocol are within address format and datagram headers • A lot of fields in the IPv6 header have disappeared • More efficient processing in the (intermediate) routers • Optional extensions allow more functionalities (source routing, authentication, …) • Optional header mechanism allows new options introduction without modifying the protocol

  12. Questions …

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